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Le renminbi doit-il être réévalué ? Les leçons de l’expérience japonaise

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  • Claude Meyer

Abstract

[fre] Il y a des similitudes entre les pressions internationales actuelles pour la réévaluation du RMB et celles qui furent exercées durant les années 1980 pour celle du yen. Le but de cet article est de clarifier certains aspects du débat sur le RMB à la lumière de l’expérience du Japon dont on peut tirer deux leçons. La première est que la réévaluation massive du yen après les accords du Plaza de 1985 n’a pas réduit le déficit commercial américain vis-à-vis du Japon, car la compétitivité des produits japonais était due essentiellement à leur qualité technologique. Seconde leçon : cette très forte réévaluation a eu des effets dévastateurs sur l’économie japonaise. . Mutatis mutandis, ces leçons peuvent s’appliquer à la Chine. Sa devise est en effet sous-évaluée, de l’ordre de 20 à 25 % en termes de TCER. Cependant une réévaluation du RMB de cette ampleur ne réduirait pas autant qu’on l’espère les déficits américain et européen, car la compétitivité chinoise est due essentiellement au faible coût du travail. De plus, une telle réévaluation devrait être soutenue mais progressive, de manière à éviter des désordres majeurs dans l’économie et la société chinoises. Il reste qu’une appréciation soutenue du RMB est dans l’intérêt même de la Chine, au moment où elle doit ajuster son modèle de développement. . Classification JEL : E2, E5, F10, F31, N15, N25. [eng] Should China Revalue its Currency ? Lessons from the Japanese Experience.. There is a similarity of pattern between the present international pressures for RMB revaluation and those which were exerted on Japan in the ‘ 80s for the Yen revaluation. This paper aims at clarifying certain issues of the RMB revaluation debate in the light of Japan’s experience. Two lessons may be drawn from this experience. First the massive revaluation of the Yen against theUSDafter the 1985 Plaza Agreement did not reduce the US trade deficit, as Japan’s competitiveness was due primarily to the technological quality of its products. The second lesson is that the steep and massive revaluation of the Yen had devastating effects on the Japanese economy, which went through the “ lost decade” during the ‘ 90s. . Mutatis mutandis, these lessons may apply today in the case of China. Its currency is indeed undervalued, possibly by 20-25 % on a REER basis. However a revaluation of the RMB of such size would not reduce US and European trade deficits as much as expected, because China’s competitiveness is primarily due to its very low cost of labor. Furthermore, the appreciation should be gradual, although sustained, in order to avoid major economic disruptions. But a steady appreciation of the RMB would be in China’s best interest, all the more as it has presently to adjust its model of development. . Classification JEL : E2, E5, F10, F31, N15, N25.

Suggested Citation

  • Claude Meyer, 2011. "Le renminbi doit-il être réévalué ? Les leçons de l’expérience japonaise," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 102(2), pages 183-194.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_2011_num_102_2_5856
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.2011.5856
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.2011.5856
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    JEL classification:

    • E2 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment
    • E5 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
    • F10 - International Economics - - Trade - - - General
    • F31 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Exchange
    • N15 - Economic History - - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations - - - Asia including Middle East
    • N25 - Economic History - - Financial Markets and Institutions - - - Asia including Middle East
    • E2 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment
    • E5 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
    • F10 - International Economics - - Trade - - - General
    • F31 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Exchange
    • N15 - Economic History - - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations - - - Asia including Middle East
    • N25 - Economic History - - Financial Markets and Institutions - - - Asia including Middle East

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