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Quelles réformes pour l’industrie de la notation financière ?

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  • Norbert Gaillard

Abstract

[eng] Credit rating agencies (CRAs) are under scrutiny for failing to both anticipate financial crises since the late 1990s and manage their conflicts of interests when assigning ratings to structured products. This article presents an overview of the past and present reforms regarding the credit rating industry. It also makes proposals for regulatory reform. Five areas are worth examining : i) the reliance on CRA ratings in standards, laws and regulations, ii) the competition in the credit rating industry, iii) the conflicts of interests, iv) the controls over the rating methodologies and the rating process, and v) the civil liability of CRAs. This article considers that alternatives to the use of credit ratings in financial regulations are possible in the sovereign rating area. It recommends a tighter supervision of structured products ratings and proposes a new regulatory framework to prevent conflicts of interests. It concludes that CRA ratings cannot be a substitute for institutional investors’ due diligence. . Classification JEL : G15, G18, G24. [fre] Les agences de notation sont sous le feu des critiques, faute d’avoir pu prévoir les crises financières depuis la fin des années 1990 et d’avoir su maîtriser les risques de conflits d’intérêts en matière de notation des instruments financiers structurés. Cet article fait le point sur le chantier actuel des réformes de l’activité de la notation et propose plusieurs pistes de réforme. Cinq points font l’objet d’une attention particulière : i) la place des notations dans les réglementations financières, ii) la concurrence au sein de l’industrie de la notation, iii) les conflits d’intérêts, iv) le contrôle des méthodologies et des processus de notation, v) la responsabilité civile des agences. Cet article considère que des alternatives aux notes souveraines sont possibles. Il recommande une supervision plus étroite des notations de produits structurés et propose une nouvelle réglementation pour lutter contre les conflits d’intérêts. Il conclut en affirmant que les investisseurs doivent «réinternaliser » l’analyse du risque de crédit. . Classification JEL : G15, G18, G24.

Suggested Citation

  • Norbert Gaillard, 2011. "Quelles réformes pour l’industrie de la notation financière ?," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 101(1), pages 73-86.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_2011_num_101_1_5988
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.2011.5988
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.2011.5988
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    JEL classification:

    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets
    • G18 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G24 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets
    • G18 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G24 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage

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