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Aides d’État et délocalisation d’entreprises dans l’Union européenne élargie

Author

Listed:
  • Karine Châtel
  • Pierre Kirch

Abstract

[fre] Les investissements directs étrangers sont une source de croissance économique d’un pays. Il est normal que les États cherchent à rendre leur territoire attractif afin d’inciter les entreprises étrangères à s’y implanter. Les critères à partir desquels une entreprise optera pour une délocalisation ou non sont nombreux, parmi lesquels on peut citer l’environnement réglementaire. Or, en Europe, les États ne sont pas entièrement libres de modeler leur environnement réglementaire en fonction de leur seule politique nationale. Lesdites politiques doivent en effet se conformer aux règles de libre concurrence qui ont été adoptées par l’Union européenne. L’une des tâches de la politique européenne de concurrence vise ainsi à empêcher les distorsions que peuvent produire sur le libre jeu du marché les subventions données par les États aux entreprises. Dans un contexte de délocalisations, l’existence d’une telle réglementation des aides d’État n’est pas sans poser de problèmes. Il est à souhaiter que la politique des aides d’État, originairement conçue comme un pendant nécessaire au principe de solidarité entre les États membres de l’Union, n’entraîne pas l’effet contraire en favorisant, pour des raisons contraires à la politique communautaire, les délocalisations à l’intérieur de la Communauté. . Classification JEL : F15, H23, L53 [eng] State aids and firms’ offshoring within the enlarged European Union . Foreign direct investments are a source of economic growth for a country. It is normal for States to strive to make their territory attractive in order to encourage foreign companies to establish themselves there. There are numerous criteria according to which a company will choose whether to relocate, among which the regulatory environment. Yet, in Europe, States are not entirely free to shape their regulatory framework by taking in consideration their sole domestic policy. Such policy must comply with European Union rules on free and undistorted competitions. One of the missions of the European competition policy is to avoid distortions to the free market caused by subsidies granted to companies by States. From a delocalization perspective, the existence of the rules on State aids raises some issues. It is proposed that State aids policy, originally conceived as a necessary counterpart of the principle of solidarity between Member States of the European Union, should not have the opposite effect by encouraging offshoring within the European Union for the wrong reasons. . JEL classification : F15, H23, L53

Suggested Citation

  • Karine Châtel & Pierre Kirch, 2007. "Aides d’État et délocalisation d’entreprises dans l’Union européenne élargie," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 90(4), pages 237-246.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_2007_num_90_4_4415
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.2007.4415
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.2007.4415
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration
    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
    • L53 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy - - - Enterprise Policy
    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration
    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
    • L53 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy - - - Enterprise Policy

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