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De la délocalisation à la relocalisation : une évolution fatale ?

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  • Charles-Albert Michalet

Abstract

[eng] From limited to global offshoring North-South . Offshoring caused a considerable concern in the public opinion recently. Nevertheless, offshoring is narrowly related to FDI. Therefore, it is not a new phenomenon. But the current issue is badly defined. This paper focuses on the various forms that offshoring has taken since 50 years. They depend heavily on firms strategies. According to the period of time, offshoring is market-oriented, or cost-oriented (outsourcing), or « global », or financially oriented. Structures are changing too, from vertical internalization to horizontal externalization. Offshoring dynamism could generate a global macroeconomic relocation of manufacturing and services activities from the high income countries to the emerging economies in the future. However, empirical studies demonstrate that the delocation impact on the countries of origin is still very limited and often it overlaps technological innovations. . JEL classification : F21, F36, L16, O14 [fre] Les délocalisations ont provoqué une vive inquiétude dans l’opinion depuis quelques années. Pourtant, le phénomène de l’IDE qui est leur vecteur principal n’est pas nouveau. L’article analyse les différentes formes prises par les délocalisations à travers l’évolution de la stratégie des firmes : délocalisations pour l’accès aux marchés (« filiales-relais »), pour minimiser les coûts par la sous-traitance ou les « filiales-atelier », délocalisation au sens strict, externalisation. Les structures organisationnelles se modifient simultanément : de verticales, elles deviennent horizontales. D’industrielle, la logique de la délocalisation devient de plus en plus financière. La poursuite de cette dynamique pourrait conduire à terme à une totale relocalisation des activités manufacturières et de services du Nord vers le Sud. Les données empiriques pour les pays de l’OCDE montrent que l’impact des délocalisations est encore modeste. . Classification JEL : F21, F36, L16, O14

Suggested Citation

  • Charles-Albert Michalet, 2007. "De la délocalisation à la relocalisation : une évolution fatale ?," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 90(4), pages 15-21.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_2007_num_90_4_4398
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.2007.4398
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.2007.4398
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    JEL classification:

    • F21 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
    • F36 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
    • L16 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics; Macroeconomic Industrial Structure
    • O14 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology
    • F21 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
    • F36 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
    • L16 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics; Macroeconomic Industrial Structure
    • O14 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology

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