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Pourquoi l’hypothèse de marche aléatoire en théorie financière ? Les raisons historiques d’un choix éthique

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  • Franck Jovanovic

Abstract

[eng] The hypothesis of random walk in financial theory : some historical arguments to explain an ethic choice . This paper analyses the way modern financial theory originates in the development of financial markets in France during the mid-19th century. We show that the random walk model with a normal distribution was built by Jules Regnault in 1863 - a model to be found in Bachelier (1900) -, at a time when the development of financial markets gave rise to new questions about the morality of these markets. More explicitly, the choice for Gaussian distribution as well as for random walk model originated in ethic and not in empirical considerations. If the efficient theory, built in 1970 by Fama, presents this choice as an informational problem, this paper suggests that our current science schemes are still partially dependent on 19th century views. . JEL classifications : B10, A12, G20 [fre] Cet article analyse la manière dont le développement des marchés financiers en France au XIXe siècle a donné naissance à la théorie financière quantitative moderne. Nous montrons que le modèle de marche aléatoire symétrique avec une distribution normale, construit en 1863 par Jules Regnault et affiné en 1900 par Louis Bachelier, a été introduit à l’origine pour répondre à une question morale. Ainsi, historiquement, le choix de la distribution gaussienne comme celui du modèle de marche aléatoire symétrique relèvent avant tout de préoccupations éthiques et non de considérations pratiques ou empiriques. Si depuis la synthèse de Fama en 1970, le choix de cette hypothèse est présenté comme un problème informationnel, nous suggérons cependant que le XIXe a laissé certaines traces dans nos représentations scientifiques des marchés financiers. . Classification JEL : B10, A12, G20

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  • Franck Jovanovic, 2001. "Pourquoi l’hypothèse de marche aléatoire en théorie financière ? Les raisons historiques d’un choix éthique," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 61(1), pages 203-211.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_2001_num_61_1_3893
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.2001.3893
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.2001.3893
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    1. Jean-Marie Thiveaud, 2000. "Finance, économie commerce et industrie au XIXe siècle : écrits des économistes anglais, français, belges, allemands," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 56(1), pages 241-246.
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    Cited by:

    1. Brisset, Nicolas, 2017. "On Performativity: Option Theory And The Resistance Of Financial Phenomena," Journal of the History of Economic Thought, Cambridge University Press, vol. 39(4), pages 549-569, December.
    2. Schinckus, Christophe, 2015. "Positivism in finance and its implication for the diversification finance research," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 103-106.
    3. Jovanovic, Franck & Schinckus, Christophe, 2017. "Econophysics and Financial Economics: An Emerging Dialogue," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780190205034.

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      JEL classification:

      • B10 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought through 1925 - - - General
      • A12 - General Economics and Teaching - - General Economics - - - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
      • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General
      • B10 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought through 1925 - - - General
      • A12 - General Economics and Teaching - - General Economics - - - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
      • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General

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