L’assurance des dépôts, un instrument de la régulation bancaire

[eng] Deposit insurance, an instrument of banks regulation . After reminding of the economic justifications of bank regulation, this paper pays particular attention to one of the instruments of this regulation, the deposit insurance. While offering a protection to the depositors, the deposit insurance would allow to prevent bank runs and thus reduce the occurrence probability of a systemic crisis. We present the features of such a scheme identified as « optimal » in the academic literature in the sense that they avoid moral hazard and adverse selection phenomena. Thus, ideally, the system should be public and compulsory for all banks ; the guarantee should be limited and all-in price ; the premium paid by the banks should directly depends on each bank’s risk level. . Classification JEL : G28 [fre] Après avoir rappelé les justifications économiques d’une régulation du secteur bancaire, cet article s’attache à l’un des instruments de cette régulation, l’assurance des dépôts. En offrant une protection aux déposants, l’assurance des dépôts permettrait de prévenir les paniques bancaires, susceptibles de provoquer une crise systémique. . Classification JEL : G28