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L’euro et le système monétaire international

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  • Michel Lelart

Abstract

[fre] L'euro qui a remplacé onze monnaies nationales le 1er janvier 1999 est donc devenu ce jour-là la monnaie unique de l'Union européenne. Il est de ce fait une monnaie à vocation internationale, ce qui n'est pas sans conséquences importantes sur le système monétaire international. Nous nous demandons si l'euro peut remplir les fonctions d'une telle monnaie : la réponse va de soi, elle est affirmative. Remplira-t-il effectivement ces fonctions et deviendra-t-il un concurrent du dollar ? La réponse est plus incertaine : oui, mais sans que l'on sache dans quelle mesure, ni à quel rythme. L'une des raisons de cette incertitude tient à l'offre de l'euro en tant que monnaie internationale, c'est-à-dire aux modalités de sa création, qui seront liées aux transactions internationales de l'Union. Enfin, le système monétaire international est encore celui de Bretton Woods, au sein duquel le FMI joue un rôle important : comment l'Union. y est-elle représentée, comment le Fonds va-t-il intégrer l'euro dans ses opérations, comme le DTS, et comment va-t-il exercer sa surveillance des politiques de change ? [eng] The euro and the international monetary system. The euro is now the single currency of the European Union. The euro has an international dimension, which can lead to dramatic changes to the international monetary system. But will the euro become a competitor to the dollar ? One cannot say how long it will take, but it is very likely that the euro will become a serious actor in the international monetary system. Finally, what will be the behaviour of the International Monetary Fund towards euro ?

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Lelart, 1999. "L’euro et le système monétaire international," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 55(5), pages 49-68.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_1999_num_55_5_4934
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.1999.4934
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.1999.4934
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