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L'assurance vie aux États-Unis : histoire d'une crise

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  • François de Varenne

Abstract

[fre] L’objectif de cet article est de dresser un panorama de l’histoire de l’assurance-vie aux États-Unis et de comprendre le mécanisme qui a conduit ce secteur au début des années 1990 vers une véritable « débâcle ». Dans un premier temps, il est nécessaire d’aller chercher les racines du mal. Celles-ci trouvent leurs origines dans une concurrence acharnée entre les différents intermédiaires financiers pour recueillir chaque dollar marginal d’épargne, concurrence exacerbée par un biais de la réglementation. Dans un second temps, il est montré que le bouleversement financier des années 1979-81 a été à l’origine d’une profonde mutation du secteur conduisant les sociétés d’assurance-vie américaines à déployer de nouvelles gammes de produits et à adopter une politique d’investissement beaucoup plus risquée. Enfin, l’exemple caractéristique de la société Executive Life est analysé en détail. [eng] Life insurance in the United States : history of a crisis . The objective of this article is to give an overview of the history of US life insurance and to explain the mechanism which led to its collapse and its « debacle » in the early nineties. The paper is structured as follows. Section 2 tries to find the source of the problem, notably cut-throat competition between financial intermediaries to attract every marginal savings dollar, aggravated by a biased regulation. In section 3, we show that the financial upheaval from 1979 to 1981 triggered an in-depth change in the sector, prompting American life insurance companies to market new product lines by migrating toward interest rate sensitive products and to pursue much riskier investment strategies. In section 4, a detailed analysis of the characteristic example afforded by Executive Life is developed. A conclusion summarizes the main findings and draws a lesson from this American experience.

Suggested Citation

  • François de Varenne, 1998. "L'assurance vie aux États-Unis : histoire d'une crise," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 48(4), pages 157-177.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_1998_num_48_4_4589
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.1998.4589
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.1998.4589
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