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Technologie et risques dans les marchés financiers

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  • Dominique Garabiol

Abstract

[fre] Le développement des marchés est dû à l'importance des déséquilibres économiques plus qu'à la sophistication des technologies. Mais celles-ci façonnent leur architecture. Les progrès technologiques ont conduit à la généralisation des négociations décentralisées et continues. Améliorant théoriquement leur efficience, cette architecture accentue concomitamment les risques de liquidité des marchés. La fragilité systémique des marchés financiers s'explique, de façon ambiguë, par les risques soit de ruptures de leur continuité, soit d'emballements chaotiques qui nécessitent d'introduire volontairement de telles ruptures. L'accroissement des volumes, facilité par les gains de productivité, conduisent par ailleurs à une accentuation des risques de livraison et de contrepartie tandis que le montant des investissements nécessaires constituent un risque financier significatif pour les intervenants. Les progrès technologiques affectent également leur gestion interne. L'informatique des salles de marchés, la gestion des positions, sont plus performantes mais les risques opérationnels s'en ressentent. La conception de produits complexes est aussi facilitée, ce qui peut conduire à mésestimer les risques liés au caractère virtuel des hypothèses utilisées. A contrario, le contrôle des risques bénéficie des progrès technologiques, mais la compréhension, au-delà des lois statistiques, de leur nature réelle reste un enjeu crucial. [eng] Technology and risks on the financial markets/i>. Markets have grown more as a result of considerable economic imbalances than sophisticated technologies. But the latter are responsible for shaping their architecture. Technological advances have led to the general development of decentralised and continuous negotiation. At the same time as this architecture theoretically improves their efficiency, it also emphasises the risks of market liquidity. The systemic fragility of financial markets can be explained - ambiguously - by risks either of breaks in their continuity or of chaotic booms, which means that such breaks have to be brought about deliberately. In other respects, increased volumes promoted by productivity gains cause delivery and trading risks to be highlighted, while the amount of investments required represents a significant financial risk for operators. Technological advances also affect internal market management. Data processing on the trading floor and position management have become more efficient, but operational risks have increased as a result. It has furthermore become easier to design complex products, though this may lead to inaccurate assessment of risks which are linked to the virtual nature of the hypotheses involved. On the other hand, technological advances have enabled improved control of risks, but gaining an understanding of their real nature - beyond statistical laws - remains a crucial challenge.

Suggested Citation

  • Dominique Garabiol, 1995. "Technologie et risques dans les marchés financiers," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 32(1), pages 121-136.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_1995_num_32_1_2166
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.1995.2166
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.1995.2166
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