IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/prs/recofi/ecofi_0987-3368_1987_num_3_3_1520.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Du bon usage des réserves obligatoires

Author

Listed:
  • Jean-Pierre Patat

Abstract

[eng] On the Proper Use of Requirement Reserves. Requirement reserves were established in France in 1967 only, and have been used since for various purposes. First they were based on deposits, then were extended to credit. From 1972 to 1986, a progressive rate turned them into a penalty, as an auxiliary of credit control system. Together with the regrouping of capital market, they are becoming a tool for monetary policy. . Requirement reserves are a means to increase the bank's need for liquidity, as well as the uncertainty about the costs of such needs. In a way they have an effect on banks's credit supply, by prompting them to cut on new credits and seek for non monetary income. . In France, their main part was to act on credit cost. They could not actually slow down monetary expansion. Proportional requirement reserves therefore were somewhat forgotten, when in 1985 their rates were increased because of the financial mutation - creation of financial instruments, opening of markets, thanks to which this kind of monetary control became obsolete. . The Banque de France intend to use them for two reasons. First of all, they can contribute to the central bank's interest rates policy. On the other hand they contribute to modify the attitude of banks. It can incite them to manage their assets and liabilities (to reduce the amount submitted to reserves, i.e. the monetary income) in a way compatible with the main issues of monetary policy. Credit institutions will have to assess their liquidity by selling securities on secondary markets, and no longer by "refinancing" (which comes down to an indebtment to the central bank). So doing, it helps suppressing money, and diminishing the base of reserves and the demand for money. Through their action on money markets, credit institutions would then back up an open market policy. . We haven't reached this point yet. We stand in a transitory situation: indeed even if requirement reserves decline, there are still many instances of them. In the perspective of the european financial market, the main point will be to prevent them from creating unequal competition between different national systems. by selling securities on secondary markets, and no longer by "refinancing" (which comes down to an indebtment to the central bank). So doing, it helps suppressing money, and diminishing the base of reserves and the demand for money. Through their action on money markets, credit institutions would then back up an open market policy. . We haven't reached this point yet. We stand in a transitory situation: indeed even if requirement reserves decline, there are still many instances of them. In the perspective of the european financial market, the main point will be to prevent them from creating unequal competition between different national systems. [fre] Les réserves obligatoires, instituées en France en 1967, y ont connu une utilisation diversifiée. D'abord assises sur les dépôts, elles ont été étendues aux encours de crédit. De 1972 à 1986, leur taux progressif en a fait un instrument de pénalisation, auxiliaire d'un système d'encadrement du crédit. Avec le décloisonnement du marché des capitaux, les réserves proportionnelles deviennent un instrument de la politique monétaire. Les réserves obligatoires sont un moyen d'accroître les besoins de liquidité des banques, mais aussi l'incertitude sur les coûts de ceux-ci. Elles jouent donc sur l'offre de crédit des banques, les incitant à réduire les crédits nouveaux et à rechercher des ressources non monétaires. En France, leur rôle a surtout été d'agir sur le coût du crédit. Elles n'ont pu véritablement freiner l'expansion monétaire. Les réserves obligatoires proportionnelles ont donc été quelque peu mises en sommeil, puis, en 85, ont vu leurs taux relevés, en raison de la mutation financière - essor des instruments négociables, ouverture sur l'extérieur, qui rendaient caduc ce type de contrôle monétaire. . La Banque de France voit une double utilité aux réserves obligatoires. Elles facilitent la politique de taux d'intérêt de la Banque centrale et elles modifient le comportement des banques. Celles-ci sont incitées à gérer leurs actifs - pour en éviter le gonflement - et leur passif. Pour y réduire les ressources soumises à réserves dans un sens conforme aux objectifs généraux de la politique monétaire, les établissements de crédit, s'ils assurent davantage leur liquidité par des ventes de titres sur les marchés secondaires, et moins par le « refinancement » (en fait endettement auprès de la Banque centrale) favoriseront la destruction de monnaie, une diminution de l'assiette des réserves et de la demande de monnaie. Ainsi, en intervenant sur les marchés de capitaux, ils pourraient renforcer une politique d'open market. Ce point n'est pas encore atteint. La situation actuelle est transitoire : si les réserves obligatoires sont en déclin, on note encore de nombreux exemples d'utilisation. Dans la perspective du marché européen des capitaux, il s'agira surtout d'éviter qu'elles ne créent des conditions de concurrence disparates entre les systèmes nationaux.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Pierre Patat, 1987. "Du bon usage des réserves obligatoires," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 3(3), pages 47-55.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_1987_num_3_3_1520
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.1987.1520
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.1987.1520
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.3406/ecofi.1987.1520
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.persee.fr/doc/ecofi_0987-3368_1987_num_3_3_1520
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.3406/ecofi.1987.1520?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Robert Raymond, 2009. "Vers l'indépendance des banques centrales et une politique monétaire européenne," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 8(1), pages 21-50.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_1987_num_3_3_1520. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Equipe PERSEE (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.persee.fr/collection/ecofi .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.