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Banque européenne : Une banque monétaire européenne dotée de fonctions de banque centrale

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  • Robert Triffin

Abstract

[eng] A European Monetary Bank Endowed with Central Bank Functions . The ultimate aim for complete European monetary union can be achieved only by radically different means than those put forward in the First Werner Plan. Total suppression of exchange rate margins and fluctuations between currencies has been superceded as a priority in favour of a more immediate goal consisting in the transformation of the ECU into a parallel currency, designed for international payment and as a reserve currency in gradual replacement of the Eurodollar. According to recent opinion polls among the population of the E.E.C., this seems to be a widely accepted priority and it also appears to be politically viable. . The growth of the ECU as a parallel currency presupposes certain official measures being taken aiming at its increased liquidity, in relation to national currencies and at guaranteeing that debts in ECU will not engender unacceptable inflationist tension. A European Bank set up to manage the ECU would have to have the power to adjust ECU issues in accordance with non-inflationary growth requirements fo member States and to watch over parity between the ECU and the U.S. Dollar. The legal status of the Bank would have to be such that short-term political pressures could not threaten the long term interests of the E.E.C. . In this light, complete European monetary union can be seen as the gradual growth of the use of the ECU in internal and external transactions rather than as a system of exchange rate stabilization between the currencies of member States. [fre] Une banque monétaire européenne dotée de fonctions de banque centrale. L'objectif ultime d'une union monétaire européenne complète ne peut être atteint que par une voie radicalement différente de celle que proposait le Premier Plan Werner. La suppression totale des marges et fluctuations du taux de change entre monnaies a cédé la priorité à un objectif plus immédiat, consistant en la transformation de l'ECU en une monnaie parallèle, destinée aux règlements internationaux et à l'accumulation de réserves, et devant remplacer progressivement l'eurodollar. Cette priorité immédiate, qui semble admise largement par les populations de la Communauté selon des sondages récents d'opinion, paraît également politiquement viable. . La croissance de l'ECU en tant que monnaie parallèle nécessite certaines mesures officielles visant à accroître sa liquidité par rapport à celle des monnaies nationales, à garantir que les dettes en ECU n'engendreront pas de tensions inflationnistes inacceptables. La Banque européenne qui gérerait les ECU devrait avoir les pouvoirs d'ajuster les émissions d'ECU en fonction des exigences d'une croissance non-inflationniste des États membres et de veiller sur la parité entre l'ECU et le dollar des États-Unis, le tout dans un cadre institutionnel susceptible d'éviter que des pressions politiques à court terme ne menacent les intérêts à plus long terme de la Communauté. . Dans cette perspective, l'union monétaire européenne complète sera plus perçue comme une extension progressive de l'utilisation de l'ECU dans les transactions intérieures et extérieures que comme une stabilisation des taux de change entre monnaies des pays membres.

Suggested Citation

  • Robert Triffin, 1987. "Banque européenne : Une banque monétaire européenne dotée de fonctions de banque centrale," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 2(2), pages 59-68.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_1987_num_2_2_1500
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.1987.1500
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.1987.1500
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    1. Robert Raymond, 2009. "Vers l'indépendance des banques centrales et une politique monétaire européenne," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 8(1), pages 21-50.

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