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Abstract
[fre] Lors des dernières années, on a assisté dans de nombreux pays, et récemment en France, à une réduction du rôle joué par les instruments directs de la politique monétaire tels que l'encadrement du crédit, au profit d'instruments qualifiés d'indirects, et en premier lieu la manipulation des taux d'intérêt du marché monétaire. . Cette inflexion est largement commandée par le développement des marchés des capitaux, ainsi que par l'ouverture sur l'extérieur. Ces facteurs ont diminué l'efficacité que les contrôles quantitatifs ont pu avoir dans le passé : le développement et la diversification des marchés de titres ont créé des voies permettant de contourner l'encadrement du crédit monétaire et l'ouverture sur l'extérieur a rendu plus difficile que par le passé la déconnexion des taux d'intérêt nationaux par l'intermédiaire de contrôles quantitatifs. Simultanément, ces facteurs ont accru l'efficacité d'une action par les taux d'intérêt, complétée, dans certains pays, par le jeu des réserves obligatoires. . Cependant, si la régulation par les taux d'intérêt est devenue quasiment inéluctable et plus efficace, elle n'en soulève pas moins certaines difficultés, dont la principale tient à l'unicité du mode d'intervention (action sur les taux) pour atteindre deux objectifs : régulation de la masse monétaire interne, stabilité du taux de change. Sans nier ces difficultés, on peut penser que, si elle s'inscrit dans le cadre d'une politique cohérente au plan national et d'une coopération internationale active, une politique monétaire fondée sur les mécanismes du marché, bien comprise par les agents financiers et non financiers, paraît aujourd'hui la meilleure technique d'intervention. [eng] Monetary Regulation by Interest Rates in the Principal Countries : Justification and Scope. In recent years we have witnessed in a number of countries, and recently in France, a reduction in the role played by direct instruments of monetary policy, such as credit availability, and an increased importance given to the role of so-called indirect instruments – the most important of which is manipulation of interest rates in the money market. . This shift is largely due to the development of captial markets, as well as new openings onto the international scene. These factors have diminished the effectiveness that quantitative controls exercised in the past. The development and diversification of stock markets have created new ways of getting around credit limitations and foreign openings have made more difficult than in the past the insulation of national interest rates by means of quantitative controls. At the same time, these factors have increased the effectiveness of action by interest rates – supplemented in some countries by reserve requirements. However, if regulation by interest rates has become more effective and essentially ineluctable, it has not meant that certain other difficulties can be avoided. These difficulties stem from the attempt to achieve by means of a single mode of intervention (change of rates) a double objective: regulation of the domestic money supply and exchange rate stability. Without denying these difficulties, it is possible to believe that a monetary policy which is part of a coherent national plan, benefitting from active international cooperation, and founded on market mechanisms that are well understood by both financial and non- financial agents, appears today as the best technique of intervention.
Suggested Citation
Robert Raymond, 1987.
"La régulation monétaire par les taux d'intérêt dans les principaux pays : justification et portée,"
Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 1(1), pages 22-32.
Handle:
RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_1987_num_1_1_1474
DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.1987.1474
Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.1987.1474
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