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What Makes Research Socially Useful ? Complementarities between in-House Research and Firm-University Collaboration in Biotechnology

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  • Michelle Gittelman

Abstract

[eng] This paper analyses the published scientific papers of a large sample of biotechnology firms to study the relationship between firm-level research capabilities and collaboration with university scientists. The study presents new findings on the relationship of firm age, research capabilities, and collaboration. Firm-level research capabilities are measured as citations to papers. Younger firms publish more highlycited papers, supporting a view of firm founding to exploit new knowledge at the frontier of discovery. Collaboration with academic researchers increases citations to firm-authored papers, but only for firms with weaker in-house research capabilities. Firms with strong internal research capabilities do not benefit (in terms of increased citations) from collaboration, but are much more likely to collaborate with scientists at prestigious universities. The results show that firm-university collaboration involves knowledge transfer for some firms. At the same time, ties between firms and academic scientists may not represent an efficient mode of knowledge transfer as much as the adoption of the norms of open science by firms, whether as a strategy to gain privileged entry into scientific networks or simply because their managers are scientists who have a taste for academic research. [fre] Cet article se base sur les publications scientifiques d'un échantillon important d'entreprises de biotechnologies. Il étudie la relation entre les capacités de recherche privée et l'intensité des collaborations entre scientifiques privés et universitaires. L'étude présente des résultats originaux montrant l'existence d'une relation positive entre l'âge de l'entreprise, ses capacités de recherche et l'intensité de ses collaborations avec les universitaires. Les capacités de recherche de la firme sont mesurées à partir des citations de leurs articles publiés. Nous trouvons qu'en moyenne, ce sont les entreprises les plus jeunes qui publient les articles les plus cités, confirmant ainsi l'idée que les entreprises en création ont tendance à exploiter des connaissances à la frontière des découvertes. Par ailleurs, les collaborations avec les chercheurs académiques contribuent en effet à augmenter le nombre de citations des articles publiés par les entreprises, mais seulement pour les firmes aux capacités de recherche internes relativement faibles. Les entreprises aux fortes capacités internes de recherche bénéficient peu de ces collaborations (au sens où le nombre de citations de leurs publications n'augmente pas), mais ces dernières ont plus de chance de s'effectuer avec des scientifiques travaillant dans les universités les plus prestigieuses. Les résultats prouvent enfin que les collaborations entre entreprise et université conduisent à des transferts de connaissance dans certains cas. Il arrive aussi que les liens entre les entreprises et les scientifiques académiques ne représentent pas un mode de transfert aussi efficace que l'adoption par les entreprises de normes de libre accès scientifique, que ce soit en tant que stratégie pour accéder de façon privilégiée aux réseaux de recherche valorisables ou simplement parce que les managers sont des scientifiques qui ont un goût prononcé pour la recherche académique.

Suggested Citation

  • Michelle Gittelman, 2005. "What Makes Research Socially Useful ? Complementarities between in-House Research and Firm-University Collaboration in Biotechnology," Revue d'Économie Industrielle, Programme National Persée, vol. 110(1), pages 57-73.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recind:rei_0154-3229_2005_num_110_1_3072
    DOI: 10.3406/rei.2005.3072
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rei.2005.3072
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Michelle Gittelman, 2007. "Does Geography Matter for Science-Based Firms? Epistemic Communities and the Geography of Research and Patenting in Biotechnology," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 18(4), pages 724-741, August.
    2. Fassio, Claudio & Geuna, Aldo & Rossi, Federica, 2014. "The Contribution of Academic Knowledge to the Value of Industry Inventions: Micro level evidence from patent inventors," Department of Economics and Statistics Cognetti de Martiis LEI & BRICK - Laboratory of Economics of Innovation "Franco Momigliano", Bureau of Research in Innovation, Complexity and Knowledge, Collegio 201408, University of Turin.
    3. Sandrine Labory, 2011. "Role of external knowledge flows in cluster upgrading: an empirical analysis of the Mirandola biomedical district in Italy," Working Papers 201114, University of Ferrara, Department of Economics.
    4. repec:sep:wpaper:3_322 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Rosamaria D'Amore & Roberto Iorio & Sandrine Labory & Agnieszka Stawinoga, 2012. "How Do the Institutions Involved in Scientific Collaboration Deal with Different Kinds of Distance? An Analysis of the Co-Autorships of Scientific Publications," Working Papers 3_222, Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche e Statistiche, Università degli Studi di Salerno.
    6. Rosamaria d’Amore & Roberto Iorio & Agnieszka Stawinoga, 2011. "Who and where are the co-authors? The relationship between institutional and geographical distance in scientific publications," Working Papers 2011.4, International Network for Economic Research - INFER.
    7. repec:sep:wpaper:3_321 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Rosamaria D'Amore & Roberto Iorio, 2014. "New Insights on the Relationship between Geographic and Institutional Distance in Research Collaborations: A Long Period Analysis," Working Papers 3_229, Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche e Statistiche, Università degli Studi di Salerno.
    9. Teodora Diana Corsatea, 2010. "Measuring science: Spatial investigation of academic opportunities in Belgium," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 89(2), pages 373-387, June.

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