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Construction et gestion de la qualité : une normalisation singulière

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  • Éric Henry

Abstract

[fre] La branche construction demeure, malgré un déclin progressif depuis 15 ans, le premier employeur du pays. Aussi verrait-on mal la construction rester à l'écart du courant de normalisation de la gestion de la qualité amorcé depuis 1987. Au premier regard, pourtant, la singularité des rapports productifs établis à partir des métiers, du chantier, de l'architecture et du rôle ambigu du maître d'ouvrage -fournisseur principal pour les utilisateurs et client principal pour les professionnels - est accentuée par l'intervention régulatrice ou perturbatrice des élus et du pouvoir politique dans la construction. La récession des activités engagée depuis quatre ans avive une concurrence très dure entre les acteurs économiques de la construction, fait baisser les prix et tend, simultanément, à privilégier une régulation marchande (moins-disant) au détriment d'une régulation de type industriel (mieux-disant).. Mais l'expérience originale de la normalisation et de la certification des entreprises de construction (QUALIBAT) jointe aux réflexions et aux tests méthodologiques (chartes -qualité) réalisés au sein de Clubs Construction et Qualité interprofessionnels depuis 1990, engagent à développer une gestion de la qualité de la «production par ouvrage unique» et font découvrir, qu'au delà de leur singularité, les professionnels de la construction sont porteurs de propositions novatrices pour la normalisation de l'ensemble des activités économiques. En ce sens une réflexion approfondie, amorcée en 1994 au sein de la branche Construction du Mouvement Français pour la Qualité (MFQ), pourrait rapidement déboucher sur des propositions à l'ISO, agréées par le Comité «Management de la qualité» de l'AFNOR, en vue d'une nouvelle et prochaine révision des normes ISO 9000. [eng] The construction business remains the first employer in the country despite a progressive decline during the last 15 years. That is why one would not imagine this branch to stay on the sidelines of the standardization stream of quality management, which has been initiated in 1987. At first, however, the singularity of the productive links established according to the site and architecture professions, and to the ambiguous role of the construction manager (main supplier for the users and main customer for the professionals) is stressed by the regulating or disruptive intervention of the elected representatives and of the political power in the construction business. The activity recession that started 4 years ago revives a harsh competition among the economical actors of this branch and brings prices down and tends, simultaneously, to favour a trade regulation (the lowest bidder or the least expensive) to the detriment of regulation (the highest bidder or the best value).. But the original experience of standardization and of attestation of building companies (QUALIBAT) as well as reflections and methodological tests (quality charters) that have been made within interprofessional Building and Quality Club since 1990, are bound to develop a management of quality of «production by single project» and bring to discover that beyond their singularity, professionals of the building business suggest original proposals for the standardization of all economical activities. In that direction, a thorough reflexion started in 1994 within the Building branch of the French Movement for Quality (MFQ) could lead rapidly to proposals to the ISO, accepted by the «Management of Quality Comity» of the AFNOR, with the idea of a new and imminent review of the ISO 9000 standards.

Suggested Citation

  • Éric Henry, 1996. "Construction et gestion de la qualité : une normalisation singulière," Revue d'Économie Industrielle, Programme National Persée, vol. 75(1), pages 147-162.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recind:rei_0154-3229_1996_num_75_1_1612
    DOI: 10.3406/rei.1996.1612
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rei.1996.1612
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    Cited by:

    1. Eric Henry, 2000. "Quality management standardization in the French construction industry: singularities and internationalization prospects," Construction Management and Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(6), pages 667-677, December.

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