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La fondation du comptoir national d'escompte de Paris, banque révolutionnaire (1848)

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  • Nicolas Stoskopf

Abstract

[fre] Résumé S'il y a une banque qui illustre la notion de révolution bancaire, c'est bien le Comptoir national d'escompte de Paris, maison mère de la BNP, fondée en mars 1848 dans le contexte de la crise financière et de la révolution républicaine. Après avoir rappelé les origines et l'ampleur de la crise du crédit en 1848, les destructions à l'intérieur du système bancaire et le désarroi du commerce parisien, cet article met en valeur les hommes nouveaux, sortis de la révolution de février, qui prirent l'initiative, et s'attache à reconstituer leur itinéraire : ce n'était pas des banquiers, mais des politiques inquiets et des usagers pressés, notamment les libraires éditeurs parmi lesquels se détache la figure d'Antoine Laurent Pagnerre, initiateur de la campagne des banquets républicains avant 1848 et premier directeur du Comptoir. Les innovations mises en œuvre, comme l'association des capitaux privés et publics ou les facilités accordées aux entrepreneurs par la création de magasins généraux et de sous-comptoirs, permirent une véritable démocratisation du crédit et contribuèrent à donner au Comptoir une image de banque républicaine. [eng] Abstract If there is a bank which embodies the idea of revolution in banking, this would certainly be the Comptoir national d'escompte de Paris, cradle of the BNP, established in March 1848 during the financial commotion and the republican revolution. After mentioning the causes and the extent of the 1848 credit breakdown, the damage done to the core of the banking system and the confusion amidst the Paris business circles, the paper underlines the feat of a group of new men born with the February revolution and who came up with new ideas, it strives to follow their tracks: they were not bankers but scared politicians and hurried customers, mostly book publishers - one of them being A. L. Pagnerre, founder of the drive for republican feasts before 1848 and first president of the Comptoir. The new ideas put forward, like the mixing of private and public funds of the opportunities given to businessmen with the implantation of docks and branch offices turned into a real démocratisation of credit and helped give the Comptoir the true look of a republican bank.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicolas Stoskopf, 2002. "La fondation du comptoir national d'escompte de Paris, banque révolutionnaire (1848)," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 21(3), pages 395-411.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_2002_num_21_3_2310
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.2002.2310
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.2002.2310
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    Cited by:

    1. Danièle Demoustier & Damien Rousselière, 2004. "Social economy as social science and practice : historical perspectives on France," Post-Print halshs-00130667, HAL.

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