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Genèse et devenir de la Communauté Européenne du Charbon et de l'Acier

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  • John Gillingham

Abstract

[fre] Résumé Le but de la Communauté Européenne du Charbon et de l'Acier n'était pas de reconstruire l'industrie passée, mais de construire le futur. Le Plan Schuman du 5 mai 1950 propose avant tout une solution à un problème historique, celui de la rivalité franco-allemande. Le succès de ce Plan s'explique par une convergence de facteurs : l'action de Jean Monnet, en partie soutenu par les États-Unis, mais aussi et surtout la volonté de la France, de l'Allemagne, de l'Italie et des pays du Benelux de construire l'Europe, ainsi que des sidérurgistes de retrouver l'esprit des cartels internationaux afin de stabiliser le marché européen. Mais ce succès n'est que limité : il n'a en rien influé sur les évolutions techniques (déclin du charbon au profit des hydrocarbures, passage à la sidérurgie sur l'eau) tandis que l'intégration européenne se faisait contre les cartels. [eng] Abstract The European Community of Coal and Steel 's goal was not to reconstruct the industry as it had been, but to build the future. The May 5, 1950. Schuman Plan's main goal was to propose a solution to an historical problem : Franco-German rivalry. The Plan 's success was due to several factors : Jean Monnet' s action, partially supported by the United States, but also, and essentially, the combined wills of France, Germany, Italy and the Benelux nations to create Europe as such, as well as the iron and steel industry's need for an international cartel that could stabilise the European market. But it met with limited success. It had no influence on technical evolution (coal's losses to hydrocarbons, changeover to metallurgy on water) and European integration was acheived in opposition to the cartels.

Suggested Citation

  • John Gillingham, 1999. "Genèse et devenir de la Communauté Européenne du Charbon et de l'Acier," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 18(2), pages 297-302.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1999_num_18_2_2033
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1999.2033
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1999.2033
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