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Le changement structurel de l'emploi en Europe aux XIXe et XXe siècles

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  • Harmut Kaelble

Abstract

[fre] Résumé La structure de l'emploi n'a évolué qu'en Europe seule - et non pas dans les sociétés extraeuropéennes - selon le schéma, décrit par Jean Fourastié, d'une société axée principalement sur l'emploi agricole passant à une société dominée par l'emploi industriel, puis à une société à prépondérance tertiaire. Explicable par la forte demande de main-d'œuvre industrielle, un très large réservoir de travailleurs industriels et une demande limitée d'activités de services, ce changement structurel s'est étalé sur près de deux siècles. Il est lié à une conception propre à l'Europe à l'égard du travail : en découlent la recherche des vacances ou de la réduction du temps de travail comme le modèle bourgeois d'une femme chargée exclusivement des activités domestiques. [eng] Abstract Employment patterns showed an evolution, which was specifically European - non- European societies standing outside this development —, as per the model sketched out by Jean Fourastié, away from a society where employment was mainly agriculturally-based, to a society where employment in manufacturing industry took pride of place, proceeding further to a stage where the tertiary sector prevailed. Impelled as it was by such factors as the strong demand for industrial manpower, the large reserve of workers available for manufacturing industry, and a limited demand in service industries, this structural evolution was spread out over nigh on two centuries. This was linked to a specifically European conception of work : this in turn was to be the mainspring for the demand for holidays, reductions in working hours, or equally for the bourgeois notion of a woman's role as solely centred around household activities.

Suggested Citation

  • Harmut Kaelble, 1998. "Le changement structurel de l'emploi en Europe aux XIXe et XXe siècles," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 17(1), pages 13-37.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1998_num_17_1_1972
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1998.1972
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1998.1972
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