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L'innovation des établissements Schneider (1837-1960)

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  • Claude Beaud

Abstract

[fre] Résumé Seule l'innovation permanente a permis aux Ets Schneider de traverser plus d'un siècle, en accédant puis en se maintenant au plus haut niveau mondial. On peut distinguer trois périodes particulièrement innovatrices : 1- La première est celle de la reprise du Creusot par les Frères Schneider En quelques années, on observe trois types d'innovations : - Deux grandes innovations techniques : la fabrication de la première locomotive française, et l'invention du marteau-pilon. - L'innovation sociale de l'un des premiers et des plus cohérents systèmes de paternalisme, de « gestion de ressources humaines ». - Une innovation structurelle, qui réalise un des complexes industriels les mieux intégrés du monde. 2 - La seconde période, au tournant des siècles, est marquée par des efforts précoces et importants d'exploitation des technologies nouvelles. Mais, celles-ci ont permis de perfectionner encore les fabrications d'armement, les tentatives d'orientation vers l'automobile et l'aéronautique ont échoué. Quant à la création d'une industrie électrique, elle ne s'est révélée qu'un demi-succès, grâce à l'association avec la technique américaine Westinghouse. 3 - Enfin, après la seconde guerre mondiale, les deux dernières grandes réalisations, la locomotive B.B. 9004, la plus rapide du monde, et la première centrale nucléaire à filière Westinghouse P.W.R., ont été celles du dernier des Schneider. [eng] Abstract Only continuous innovation enabled the Schneider factories to go through more than a century, by attaining and keeping up the highest level in the world. Three particularly innovating periods can be discerned : 1 - The first period when Le Creusot was retaken by the Schneider Brothers. In a few years, three sorts of innovations could be observed : - Two technical innovations : the building of the first french locomotive and the invention of the power- hammer. - The social innovation of one of the first and most coherent systems of paternalism, of « management of human resources ». A structural innovation which realized one of the best industrial complexes in the world. 2 - The second period, at the turning point of the centuries, was marked by precocious important efforts to take advantage of new technologies. But, if these enabled the firm to improve arm production, the attempts to interest in motor vehicles and plane building was a failure. The creation of an electrical industry could only succeed thanks to the association with Westinghouse american engineering. 3 - At last, after World War II, the last two great realizations : the BB 9004 locomotive, the fastest in the world, and the first nuclear power-station using the Westinghouse system P. W.R., were those of the last of the Schneiders.

Suggested Citation

  • Claude Beaud, 1995. "L'innovation des établissements Schneider (1837-1960)," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 14(3), pages 501-518.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1995_num_14_3_1787
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1995.1787
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1995.1787
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