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Le faubourg Saint-Antoine et la liberté du travail sous l'ancien Régime

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  • Alain Thillay

Abstract

[fre] Résumé On a longtemps réduit l'organisation du travail sous l'Ancien Régime au modèle corporatif et au schéma simplificateur maître-compagnon-apprenti. L'exemple du faubourg Saint-Antoine, devenu lieu de travail privilégié dans Paris en 1657, montre une autre réalité. Le roi, qui soustrait les artisans du faubourg aux visites des jurés parisiens et à l'obligation de maîtrise, favorise la liberté du travail dans un quartier périphérique de la capitale. Malgré les attaques des corporations, la monarchie défend sans cesse les privilèges accordés aux artisans. Les entrepreneurs de manufactures, les artisans, les chambrelans, prennent donc, sans risque, des libertés par rapport aux statuts corporatifs. Ainsi, après 1667, les apprentis deviennent moins nombreux que les alloués au faubourg Saint- Antoine. Véritables compagnons ou plus souvent jeunes gens qui s'engagent dans un apprentissage qui ne les conduira pas à la maîtrise, les alloués échappent au modèle maître-compagnon-apprenti. Enfin, certains membres des corporations coopèrent avec les artisans du faubourg Saint-Antoine et demeurent, pour plusieurs d'entre eux, en ce lieu privilégié. Le juridique engagé par les corporations masque donc une réalité plus complexe. [eng] Abstract For a long time the old regime organisation of work has been reduced to the corporate model and the simplifying trilogy of master-journeyman-apprentice. The exemple of the faubourg Saint-Antoine, which became a privileged workplace in 1657, gave another aspect of reality. The king, who preserved craftsmen from the Parisian guilds' jurés and from the mastership obligation, promoted the freedom of work in this suburb. In spite of guilds' claims, the monarchy defended the granted privileges all the time. The manufacturers, the craftsmen or the chambrelans took liberties, without any risk, with the corporate statutes. So, after 1667, the apprentices were fewer than the alloués in the faubourf Saint-Antoine. The alloués real journeymen or most of the time young men who served their apprenticeship with the faubourg Saint-Antoine craftsmen, without being given any chance to reach mastership. Finally, some guilds' members used to co-operate with the faubourg Saint-Antoine craftsmen or lived in this privileged workplace. The guilds' lawsuits against the faubourg Saint-Antoine privileges concealed a more complex situation.

Suggested Citation

  • Alain Thillay, 1992. "Le faubourg Saint-Antoine et la liberté du travail sous l'ancien Régime," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 11(2), pages 217-236.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1992_num_11_2_1633
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1992.1633
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1992.1633
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    Cited by:

    1. Anne Gagnebien & Lucia Granget, 2023. "From brand to craft, from craft to brand [De la marque à l’artisanat, de l’artisanat à la marque]," Post-Print hal-04140016, HAL.

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