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Pauvreté rurale et dynamisme économique : le cas de l'Alsace au XIXe siècle

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  • Michel Hau

Abstract

[fre] Résumé Durant la première moitié du XIXème siècle, malgré la richesse de ses cultures, l'Alsace est une région de bas revenu agricole. L'agriculture intensive y représente en fait une tentative pour compenser la pénurie de terres due à une brusque poussée démographique. Mais, en dépit de la malnutrition qui culmine dans les cantons ruraux sous la monarchie censitaire, la pauvreté des campagnes s'avère un facteur de dynamisme économique. Son influence s'exerce moins par l'intermédiaire de la modicité des salaires ouvriers (qui rattrapent vite leur retard sur la moyenne française) que par la qualité des fabrications. Habituée depuis des lustres a compenser l'amenuisement de la taille des exploitations par un labeur de plus en plus long et de plus en plus soigneux, une partie importante de la population alsacienne a conservé, même après avoir gagné plus d'aisance et de sécurité, une particulière application au travail qui a permis la conquête des marchés aux dépens de régions initialement plus prospères. [eng] Abstract During the first half of the XlXth century, Alsace was a region of low agricultural revenue despite its rich cultivation. In fact, this intensive agriculture represented an attempt to compensate for the shortage of land which was due to an abrupt rise in the population. But, in spite of the malnutrition which reached its highest point in the rural districts during the Monarchie Censitaire, the poverty of the countryside proved, in fact, to be a dynamic economic factor. Although it is true that the average worker's salary was lower (it caught up quickly to the national average), the dynamism itself can be clearly seen in the elevated quality of its manufacturing. Having been accustomed to compensating for a diminishing size of farms and replacing it by a more involved and more methodical labour, an important part of the alsacian population retained a distinctive steadiness in work even after having become more financially affluent and secure. This attitude in turn allowed Alsace to win over a number of markets at the cost of regions which were initially more prosperous.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Hau, 1987. "Pauvreté rurale et dynamisme économique : le cas de l'Alsace au XIXe siècle," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 6(1), pages 113-138.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1987_num_6_1_1441
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1987.1441
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1987.1441
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    1. Michel Hau, 2017. "SFour Decades of Study on Growth Disparities across Regions in France: Achievements and Prospects," Working Papers 09-17, Association Française de Cliométrie (AFC).

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