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Obésité et marché du travail : les impacts de la corpulence sur l’emploi et le salaire

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  • Élise Coudin
  • Arthur Souletie

Abstract

[fre] À niveau équivalent de compétences, les femmes obèses ont moins souvent un emploi que celles qui ne le sont pas (7 points de probabilité en moins d’avoir un emploi). Au contraire, chez les hommes, un indice de masse corporelle plus élevé est associé à une probabilité légèrement plus élevée d’avoir un emploi. Les salaires des hommes et des femmes obèses ne sont pas différents de ceux des personnes non obèses, et ce tout au long de l’échelle des salaires, mais un indice de masse corporelle plus élevé est associé à une très légère baisse du salaire chez les femmes (‑ 0,3 %). Cette moindre performance des femmes obèses sur le marché du travail peut à la fois refléter une productivité plus faible, une discrimination supposée ou subie, des préférences qui diffèrent de celles des femmes non obèses et qui influencent l’emploi, le salaire et la corpulence de manière jointe, et enfin la simultanéité du lien entre corpulence et emploi ou salaire. Nous mobilisons ici les données des deux vagues de l’enquête Santé et itinéraire professionnel (2006 et 2010). En exploitant le fait que la pratique régulière dans le passé d’une activité physique diminue la corpulence sans influer directement sur l’emploi ou le salaire, nous identifions un effet causal de la corpulence sur l’emploi plus fortement négatif pour les femmes, et nul pour les hommes. Les impacts causals de l’obésité et de la corpulence sur le salaire horaire sont eux aussi négatifs mais leurs ampleurs ne sont pas toujours quantifiables en raison du manque de puissance de l’instrument. Ces résultats sont confirmés lorsque nous utilisons l’écart relatif de corpulence par rapport à la corpulence moyenne d’un groupe de référence plutôt que l’indice de masse corporelle.

Suggested Citation

  • Élise Coudin & Arthur Souletie, 2016. "Obésité et marché du travail : les impacts de la corpulence sur l’emploi et le salaire," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 486(1), pages 79-102.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2016_num_486_1_10690
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2016.10690
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2016.10690
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