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Les inégalités sociales de la mortalité infantile s'estompent

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  • Quang Chi Dinh

Abstract

[fre] Les inégalités sociales de la mortalité infantile s'estompent . La prise en charge collective de plus en plus étendue des soins liés au suivi de la grossesse, à l'accouchement et à la toute première enfance a contribué à réduire les inégalités sociales de la mortalité infantile. Non seulement les disparités se sont réduites d'une génération à l'autre, mais en plus, ce sont les catégories sociales qui connaissaient les taux de mortalité infantile les plus élevés qui ont enregistré les plus fortes baisses. Ainsi, une convergence remarquable des taux de mortalité infantile s'observe pour tous les groupes sociaux. La majeure partie de cette baisse se situe dans la période néonatale (mortalité du premier mois), ce qui atteste du rôle de protection du système de soins. . La baisse de la mortalité infantile s'exerce également de fa- çon différenciée durant la période post-néonatale (décès d'un mois à un an). Au total, si les enfants d'ouvriers consti- tuent toujours le groupe le plus défavorisé, les enfants des cadres supérieurs et des professions libérales ont cédé la première place à ceux des professions intermédiaires. Les différences sociales de la mortalité infantile reposent désormais moins sur l'appartenance à un groupe socioprofessionnel que sur l'origine étrangère des parents. [eng] Social Inequalities in Infant Mortality Are Narrowing . The increase in public health care to cover pregnancy, birth and early infancy has helped to reduce social inequalities in infant mortality. The gaps have narrowed from one generation to the next and the social groups with the highest infant mortality rates have posted the largest decreases. Remarkable convergence in infant mortality rates is therefore found across all the social groups. The greater part of this decrease has occurred during the neonatal period (deaths in the first month), which demonstrates the protective role of the health system. . A drop in infant mortality is also taking place in a different way during the post-neonatal period (deaths after the first month in the first year). All in all, although the children of manual workers are still the most at risk, the children of the intermediate-category professions have overtaken the children of senior management employees and the self-employed professionals in being the least at risk. Social differences in infant mortality are now based less on membership of an occupational category and more on whether the parents are of foreign origin. [ger] Die soziaien Ungleichheiten bei der Kindersterblichkeit verwischen sich . Da die medizinische Versorgung wâhrend der Schwangerschaft, bei der Entbindung und in der Sâuglingsphase immer mehr von der Gemeinschaft ubernommen wird, sind die soziaien Ungleichheiten bei der Kindersterblichkeit zuruckgegangen. Nicht nur die Disparitàten verringerten sich innerhalb zweier Generationen; die soziaien Schichten, die die hôchste Kindersterblichkeit aufwiesen, verzeichneten auBerdem den stârksten Rûckgang. Somit ist bei sàmtlichen soziaien Schichten eine erhebliche Konvergenz der Kindersterbeziffern festzustellen. Am meisten ging diese Sterblichkeit in derneonatalen Période (Sterblichkeit im ersten Monat) zuruck, was die Bedeutung . bestâtigt, die der medizinischen Versorgung zukommt. Die Kindersterblichkeit geht auch differenziert in der post-neonatalen Période (Sterblichkeit im Alter von einem Monat bis zum Jahr) zurùck. Die Arbeiterkinder stellen auch weiterhin die am meisten benachteiligte Gruppe dar; die geringste Sterblichkeit verzeichnen aber nun nicht mehr die Kinder der hôheren Fùhrungskrâfte und der freien Berufe, sondern die Kinder der mittleren Fuhrungsschicht. Fur die soziaien Unterschiede bei der Kindersterblichkeit ist nunmehr weniger die Zugehôrigkeit zu einer bestimmten Berufsgruppe als die auslândische Abstammung der Eltern ausschlaggebend. [spa] Las desigualdades sociales de la mortalidad infantil van borràndose . El reembolso colectivo cada vez mâs extenso de los cuidados relacionados al seguido del embarazo, al parto, y a la prima infancia ha contribuido a reducir las desigualdades sociales de la mortalidad infantil. No solo se han reducido las disparidades de una generaciôn a otra, sino que ademâs son las categorfas sociales que sufrîan los . îndices de mortalidad infantil mâs altos los que han registrado las bajas mâs fuertes. Asf, se observa una convergencia notable de los îndices de mortalidad infantil . para todos los grupos sociales. La mayor parte de esta baja se situa en el periodo neonatal (mortalidad del primer mes), lo cual confirma el papel de protecciôn del sistema de cuidados. La baja de la mortalidad infantil se ejerce también de modo diferenciado durante el periodo posneonatal (fallecimiento entre un mes y un ano). Finalmente, si bien los hijos de obreros siguen siendo la categoria menos favorecida, los hijos de los ejecutivos y de las profesiones libérales han dejado el primer puesto a los de las profesiones intermedias. Las diferencias sociales de la mortalidad infantil descansa ahora menos en el formar parte de determinado grupo profesional que en el origen extranjero de los padres. .

Suggested Citation

  • Quang Chi Dinh, 1998. "Les inégalités sociales de la mortalité infantile s'estompent," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 314(1), pages 89-106.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1998_num_314_1_2634
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1998.2634
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1998.2634
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. James Cramer, 1987. "Social factors and infant mortality: Identifying high-risk groups and proximate causes," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 24(3), pages 299-322, August.
    2. repec:cai:popine:popu_p1954_9n3_0424 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. repec:cai:popine:popu_p1951_6n2_0248 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. repec:cai:popine:popu_p1951_6n3_0480 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. repec:cai:popine:popu_p1952_7n3_0394 is not listed on IDEAS
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    1. Godelieve Masuy-Stroobant, 2002. "Inégalités sociales et santé : le cas des enfants nés hors mariage," Reflets et perspectives de la vie économique, De Boeck Université, vol. 0(3), pages 51-59.

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