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La pauvreté en Slovaquie et en France : quelques éléments de comparaison

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  • Madior Fall
  • Marian Horecký
  • Eva Rohácová

Abstract

[fre] La pauvreté en Slovaquie et en France : quelques éléments de comparaison . Tout en tenant compte des spécificités socioéconomi- ques, la comparaison de la France et de la Slovaquie, au regard de différentes mesures de la pauvreté relative à chaque pays, met en évidence de grandes ressemblances à côté de quelques différences. En Slovaquie, la population, plus jeune et plus rurale, perçoit des revenus, en moyenne, moins élevés. Cependant les ressources sont plus uniformément réparties qu'en France. Si les conforts de base sont assurés dans les deux pays, les familles slovaques sont moins équipées, se sentent moins à l'aise que les ménages français et sont plus inquiets quant à leur avenir. La Slovaquie vient de passer d'une économie socialiste administrée par l'État à une économie de marché et les . perturbations liées à cette transition peuvent expliquer, en partie, cette insatisfaction. . En France comme en Slovaquie, le risque de pauvreté est plus grand pour les familles monoparentales. Dans les deux pays, les personnes les plus démunies ont plus souvent un faible niveau de formation ou une mauvaise santé. Être locataire ou ne pouvoir compter sur un proche (ami ou famille) en cas de difficultés sont aussi des situations plus fréquentes parmi les pauvres. Les ménages considérés pauvres, simultanément selon les trois approches de cette notion (à partir de questions d'opinion, des conditions de vie ou d'une évaluation monétaire), sont aussi peu nombreux dans les deux pays. [spa] La pobreza en Eslovaquia y en Francia : unos cuantos elementos de comparaciôn . Aun tomando en cuenta especifidades socioeconômicas, la comparaciôn de Francia y de Eslovaquia, en cuanto a diferentes mediciones de la pobreza relativa en cada pais, hace patentes numerosos similes junto con unas cuantas diferencias. En Eslovaquia, la poblaciôn, mâs joven y mâs rural, percibe rentas en un promedio menos altas. Con todo, los recursos quedan repartidos de manera mâs uniforma que en Francia. Si bien las comodidades bâsicas son garantizadas en ambos pafses, las familias eslovacas estân menos equipadas, se sienten mâs ahogados que los hogares franceses y estân mâs preocupados por el porvenir. Eslovaquia acaba de pasar de una economia socialista administrada por el estado a una economfa de mercado y las perturbaciones debidas a esta transiciôn pueden explicar por parte esta insatisfacciôn. En Francia como en Eslovaquia, el riesgo de pobreza es mayor para las familias monoparentales. En ambos pafses, las personas mâs desfavorecidas disfrutan a menudo de un bajo nivel de formaciôn o de mala salud. Ser inquilino o no poder contar con un deudo (familia o amigo) en caso de dificultades son también situaciones mâs frecuentes entre los pobres. Los hogares considerados como pobres, segûn las très maneras de enfocar esta nociôn (a partir de encuestas de opinion, de las condiciones de vida o de una evaluaciôn monetaria), son tan poco numerosos en ambos pafses. [ger] Armut in der Slowakei und in Frankreich: einige Vergleichselemente . Trotz Berucksichtigung der sozioôkonomischen Besonderheiten gehen aus einem Vergleich der verschiedenen Verfahren zur Messung der Armut in Frankreich und in der Slowakei neben einigen Unterschieden groBe Àhnlichkeiten hervor. In der Slowakei bezieht die Bevôlkerung, die jûnger und làndlicher ist, im Schnitt geringere Einkunfte. Dagegen sind die Ressourcen gleichmâBiger verteilt als in Frankreich. Der grundlegende Komfort ist zwar in beiden Lândern sichergestellt; die slowakischen Familien sind jedoch weniger gut ausgestattet, sind weniger zufrieden als die franzôsischen Haushalte und machen sich grôBere Sorgen um ihre Zukunft. Die Slowakei ist vor kurzem von einer staatlich gelenkten sozialistischen Volkswirtschaft zu einer Marktwirtschaft ûbergegangen, und die aus diesem . Ùbergang erwachsenden Stôrungen kônnen diese Unzufriedenheit zum Teil erklàren. In Frankreich wie auch in der Slowakei ist das Risiko der Armut fur Alleinerziehende grôBer. In beiden Làndern haben die àrmsten Personen oftmals nur ein geringes Ausbildungsniveau oder sind in schlechter Gesundheit. Mieter zu sein oder im Falle von Schwierigkeiten nicht auf eine nahestehende Person (Freund oder Famiiie) zàhlen zu kônnen, sind Situationen, die bei den Armen hàufiger auftreten. Die Zahl der Haushalte, die bei gleichzeitiger Erfiillung der drei Kriterien dieses Begriffes (Fragen der persônlichen Einschâtzung, der Lebensverhâltnisse oder der Bewertung der Finanzlage) als arm gelten, ist in beiden Lândern gleich gering. [eng] Poverty in Slovakia and France: A Comparison . This comparison of the different poverty measures relative to France and Slovakia makes allowance for specific socioeconomic features and finds significant similarities alongside a few differences. In Slovakia, the younger and more rural population secures lower incomes on average. However, resources are more evenly spread than in France. Although both countries have the basic conveniences, Slovakian families are less well-equipped, feel less comfortably off than the French households and are more concerned about their future. Slovakia recently made the transition from a centrally planned socialist economy to a free-market economy. The resulting disruption could partially explain this dissatisfaction. . In France and Slovakia alike, lone-parent families are at greater risk of poverty. In both countries, the most impoverished more often have a low level of education or poor health. Being a tenant and having no friends or family to turn to in times of adversity are also more frequent among the poor. Yet the two countries contain few households that are simultaneously defined as poor by all three approaches to this notion (opinion polls, living conditions and monetary evaluation).

Suggested Citation

  • Madior Fall & Marian Horecký & Eva Rohácová, 1998. "La pauvreté en Slovaquie et en France : quelques éléments de comparaison," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 308(1), pages 241-259.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1998_num_308_1_2602
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1998.2602
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1998.2602
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shorrocks, Anthony F, 1984. "Inequality Decomposition by Population Subgroups," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 52(6), pages 1369-1385, November.
    2. Guénhaël Jegouzo, 1984. "Petite paysannerie en France," Post-Print hal-01959659, HAL.
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