Author
Listed:
- Jean-Christophe Bussy
- Catherine Carpentier
- Isabelle Kabla
Abstract
[eng] French Companies in the Era of the European Patent . French patent applicants have made steadily increasing use of the European patent ever since it appeared in 1 978. The number of applications rose from 2,000 in 1 979 to just over double this figure in 1989. Applicants are mainly legal entities and essentially commercial companies. It is more often than not large companies that seek such protection on the European market: two-thirds of the applications come from firms with over 1 ,000 employees. Patenting is also a highly concentrated practice, with the 100 leading French companies taking out nearly half of all the patents. . The European patent does not provide systematic protection in all the Convention's signatory countries. It only applies in those countries chosen by the applicant. In practice, applicants fall more or less into two categories: occasional applicants seeking cover for all the signatory countries and frequent applicants, who confine their patents to the leading countries. The company's activity sector also plays a role in the choice of its protection strategy: chemical and pharmaceutical companies seek wider-ranging protection than automotive, ship-building and aeronautics firms. [fre] Les entreprises françaises à l'heure du brevet européen . Depuis son entrée en vigueur en 1 978, le brevet européen a connu une croissance régulière auprès des déposants français, passant de près de 2 000 demandes en 1 979 à un peu plus du double dix ans plus tard. Les déposants sont, dans une grande mesure, des personnes morales, principalement des sociétés commerciales. Ce sont les grandes entreprises qui recherchent le plus souvent cette protection sur le marché européen : les deux tiers des demandes émanent des entreprises de plus de 1 000 salariés. Le brevet est aussi une pratique très concentrée, puisque les 100 premières entreprises françaises réalisent près de la moitié des dépôts. Le brevet européen ne protège pas systématiquement dans tous les pays signataires de la Convention l'ayant institué, mais seulement dans ceux que le déposant choisit. En pratique, les déposants se rangent approximativement en deux catégories : les faibles déposants qui recherchent a priori une couverture sur la totalité des pays signataires, les grands déposants qui se cantonnent tout de suite aux pays les plus importants économiquement. Le secteur d'activité de l'entreprise est aussi un élément du choix de la stratégie de protection géographique : les entreprises de la chimie et de la pharmacie recherchent la protection la plus complète alors que celles de l'automobile et de la construction navale et aéronautique sont plus sélectives. [spa] Empresas francesas a la hora de la patente europea . Desde que se puso en vigor en 1978, la patente europea ha sufrido un crecimiento continuo entre sus utilizadores franceses, pasando de representar unas 2000 peticiones de registro en 1979, a mâs del doble unos 10 anos después. Los que registran son, en la mayor parte, personas jurfdicas, ante todo sociedades comerciales. Las grandes empresas son las que mâs a menudo buscan esta protecciôn en el mercado europeo : las dos terceras partes de las peticiones proceden de unas empresas de mâs de 1000 asalariados. La patente es también una prâctica muy concentrada, ya que las primeras cien empresas francesas son las que realizan cerca de la mitad de los registros. . La patente europea no protege sistemâticamente en todos los pafses signatarios del Convenio, sino solamente en aquellos que escoge el utilizador. En la prâctica, sus utilizadores se pueden clasificar en dos categorfas : los que poco registran pero que buscan mâs bien una cobertura en la totalidad de los pai'ses signatarios, y los grandes utilizadores que se encasillan en los grandes pafses. El sector de actividad de la empresa es también un criterio de decision de la propia estrategia de protecciôn : las empresas quîmicas y farmaceûticas buscan una mayor protecciôn que las del sector automôvil, de construcciôn naval y aéronautica.
Suggested Citation
Jean-Christophe Bussy & Catherine Carpentier & Isabelle Kabla, 1994.
"Les entreprises françaises à l'heure du brevet européen,"
Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 275(1), pages 55-70.
Handle:
RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1994_num_275_1_5889
DOI: 10.3406/estat.1994.5889
Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1994.5889
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Citations
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Cited by:
- Bergeron, Sophie & Lallich, Stephane & Le Bas, Christian, 1998.
"Location of innovating activities, industrial structure and techno-industrial clusters in the French economy, 1985-1990. Evidence from US patenting,"
Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 26(7-8), pages 733-751, April.
- Bruno Crépon & Emmanuel Duguet & Jacques Mairesse, 2000.
"Mesurer le rendement de l'innovation,"
Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 334(1), pages 65-78.
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