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Les implications extérieures de la monnaie unique

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  • Agnès Bénassy
  • Alexander Italianer
  • Jean Pisani-Ferry

Abstract

[fre] Les implications extérieures de la monnaie unique . L'avènement d'une monnaie européenne aura des conséquences majeures sur l'économie mondiale. L'une des plus visibles sera la concurrence entre l'Ecu et le dollar comme monnaies internationales. La substitution de l'Ecu à plusieurs monnaies modifiera les arbitrages entre les actifs en dollar et ceux en monnaie(s) européenne(s). Il est généralement admis que l'Ecu pourrait, à terme, s'apprécier en raison d'une hausse de la demande. Cependant, plusieurs facteurs joueront en sens inverse, parmi lesquels la suppression des encaisses de transactions et de précaution détenues jusqu'alors en plusieurs devises européennes, ou encore l'élimination du risque de change intra-européen. L'évaluation des mouvements de capitaux correspondants dépend très fortement des hypothèses retenues sur la politique monétaire et la volatilité des taux de change. . Du point de vue de la coordination internationale, la création de l'UEM peut s'assimiler à la construction d'une coalition entre les membres européens du G7. Cette évolution aurait l'avantage de rééquilibrer les intérêts des divers participants au sein du G7, mais elle réduirait les gains que les Européens peuvent attendre d'une coordination globale. En outre, le futur cadre institutionnel . de la politique économique et monétaire européenne, et notamment le partagedesresponsabilitésentreleConseil et la Banque centrale européenne, ne facilitera sans doute pas la prise de décisions dans les instances internationales. [spa] Las implicaciones exteriores de la moneda ûnica . El advenimiento de la moneda europea tendra mayores repercusiones en la economia mundial. Una de las mâs visibles ha de ser la competencia entre el ecu y el dôlar en cuanto monedas internacionales. El sustituir el ecu a varias monedas cambiarâ los arbitrajes entre los activos en dôlar y aquellos en moneda(s) europea(s). Se admite comunmente que el ecu podrîa a plazo apreciarse por una demanda en alza. Sin embargo muchos facto res influirân en sentido inversa, entre los cuales la supresiôn de los encajes de transacciones y de precauciôn detenidos hasta entonces en varias divisas europeas, o bien la eliminaciôn del riesgo de cambio intraeuropeo. La evaluaciôn de los movimientos de capitales correspondientes dépende por mucho de las hipôtesis retenidas sobre la volatilidad de los precios y de los tipos de cambio. . Desde el punto de vista de la coordinaciôn intemacional, la creaciôn de la UEM puede equipararse a la construcciôn de una coaliciôn entre los miembros europeos del Grupo de los Siete. Esta evoluciôn tendrîa la ventaja de rééquilibrer los intereses de los diversos participantes en el seno del Grupo de los Siete, pero reducirîa las ganancias que los europeos pueden esperar de una coordinaciôn global. Ademâs, el futuro marco . institucional de la polîtica econômica y monetaria europea, sobre todo la repartition de responsabilidades entre el Consejo y el Banco central europeo, no favorecerâ tal vez la toma de decisiones en los entes internacionales. [eng] The External Implications of a Single Currency . The advent of a European currency will have considerable effects on the world economy. One of the most visible consequences will be competition between the Ecu and the dollar as international currencies. The substitution of the Ecu for several currencies will change the arbitrage between dollar assets and those in a European currency or currencies. It is generally acknowledged that the Ecu could eventually appreciate as a result of increased demand. However, several countering factors will come into play such as the disappearance of transactions and precautionary cash previously held in several European currencies and even the elimination of intra-European foreign exchange risks. The evaluation of the corresponding capital movements depends to a great extent on the accepted hypotheses . concerning fluctuations in prices and foreign exchange rates. . From the point of view of international co-ordination, the creation of EMU could be assimilated into the formation of a coalition between the European G7 members. This development would have the advantage of rebalancing the interests of the various G7 participants. However, it would reduce the gains that the Europeans could expect from global co-ordination. Moreover, the future institutional framework of European economic and monetary policy and especially the distribution of responsibilities between the Council and the European Central Bank will most likely not ease decision-making by international authorities. [ger] Die externen Auswirkungen der einheitlichen Wâhrung . Die Einfùhrung einer europàischen Wàhrung wird betràchtliche Auswirkungen auf die Weltwirtschaft haben. Eine der spùrbarsten Folgen wird die Konkurrenz zwischen dem ECU und dem Dollar als internationale Wâhrung sein. Das Ersetzen mehrerer Wâhrungen durch den ECU àndert die Arbitrage zwischen den in Dollar und . den in den europàischen Wâhrungen gehaltenen Vermôgenswerten. Im allgemeinen wird davon ausgegangen, daB der ECU aufgrund einer stàrkeren Nachfrage langfristig an Wert gewinnen wird. Mehrere Faktoren werden allerdings eine entgegengesetzte Wirkung haben, wie beispielsweise die Aufhebung der Transaktions- und Reservebestânde, die bisher in mehreren europàischen Wàhrungen gehalten wurden, oder das Wegfallen des innereuropâischen Wechselkursrisikos. Die Beurteilung des entsprechenden Kapitalverkehrs hângt in hohem MaBe von den Hypothesen ab, die hinsichtlich der Volatilitât der Preise und der Wechselkurse aufgestellt werden. . Was die internationale Koordination anbetrifft, so kommt die Verwirklichung der WWU der Bildung einer Koalition zwischen den europàischen G7-Mitgliedem gleich. Diese . Entwicklung hatte zwar den Vorteil, daB dadurch die Interessen der einzelnen G7-Mitglieder neu gewichtet werden kônnten, wùrde jedoch den Nutzen, den die Europàer von einer globalen Koordinierung erwarten kônnen, wesentlich einschrànken. Ferner wird der kùnftige institutionelle Rahmen der Europàischen Wirtschafts- und Wàhrungspolitik, insbesondere die Aufteilung der Befugnisse zwischen dem Rat und der Europàischen Zentralbank, sicherlich kaum die Entscheidungsfindung in den internationalen Gremien erleichtern.

Suggested Citation

  • Agnès Bénassy & Alexander Italianer & Jean Pisani-Ferry, 1993. "Les implications extérieures de la monnaie unique," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 262(1), pages 49-62.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1993_num_262_1_5721
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1993.5721
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1993.5721
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jean Pisani-Ferry & Claude Bismut, 1993. "L'union économique et monétaire : principes et implications," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 44(1), pages 121-142.
    2. Lefebvre, Dominique, 1997. "Euro Internationalization," MPRA Paper 89353, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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