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Allemagne : année zéro

Author

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  • Jean-Pierre Broclawski
  • Laurent Kenigswald

Abstract

[fre] La chute du mur de Berlin le 9 novembre 1989, symbole de la démocratisation à l'Est, a remis à l'ordre du jour la question allemande. La poursuite de l'hémorragie démographique, qui risquait de déséquilibrer gravement l'espace économique allemand (à l'Ouest comme à l'Est), appelait des mesures d'urgence. Les dirigeants des deux Allemagnes ont alors proposé des élections libres en RDA et ont admis le principe d'une union monétaire allemande à court terme. . Malgré l'avis de la Bundesbank qui proposait un taux de change de 1 mark-ouest pour deux marks-est, les autorités ouest-allemandes ont marqué leur préférence pour un . taux de change "politique" de 1 pour 1. En tout état de cause, l'union monétaire allemande appelle de la part de la RFA des transferts importants vers la RDA afin de limiter l'immigration. Cette situation n'est pas dépourvue de risques inflationnistes : les transferts financiers provoqueront un déficit budgétaire important et la forte demande adressée par la RDA à la RFA pourrait alimenter l'inflation. . Bien que l'unification allemande accroisse le poids économique de l'Allemagne dans la Communauté, elle offre à la France des opportunités conjoncturelles : l'inflation française pourrait devenir inférieure à l'inflation allemande et le solde commercial bilatéral se réduire. [spa] Alemania: año cero - La caída del muro de Berlin el 9 de noviembre de 1989, símbolo de la democratización en el este, ha puesto de actualidad, nuevamente, el problema alemán. La prosecucíón de la "hemorragia demográfica" que corría el riesgo de desequilibrar gravemente el panorama económico alemán (tanto al este como al œste) requería medidas de urgencia. Los dirigentes de las dos Alemanias propusieron elecciones libres en la República Democrática de Alemania y admitieron el principio de una Union Monetaria Alemana a corto plazo. . A pesar de la opinión del Bundesbank que proponía una paridad de un marco del œste contra dos marcos del este, las autoridades de Alemania occidental marcaron su preferencia por una paridad política de tipo 1 marco del œste = 1 marco del este. De todos modos, la union monetaria alemana exige por parte de la República Federal de Alemania transferencias importantes hacia Alemania oriental con el objeto de limitar la inmigración. Esta situación no esta desprovista de riesgos inflacionarios: las transferencias financieras provocarán un deficit presupuestario importante y la fuerte demanda de la RDA a la RFA podría alimentar la inflación. . Aunque la unificación alemana acrecienta el peso económico de Alemania en el seno de la Comunidad Europea, la misma ofrece a Francia oportunidades coyunturales: la inflación podría ser aquí inferior a la que existe en Alemania y de este modo, el saldo comercial bilateral podría reducirse. [eng] Germany Year Zero - The fall of the Berlin wall on November 9th, 1989, which symbolized the democratization of the East, has once again made the German question topical. The continued demographic haemorrhage which was in danger of seriously upsetting the German economic balance - both in the West and the East - called for urgent measures. Then, the leaders of the two Germanies proposed free elections in the GDR and agreed on the principle of a German Monetary Union in the near future. . In spite of the recommendation of the Bundesbank which suggested an exchange rate of one West German mark for two East German marks, West German authorities preferred to adopt a more politically inspired rate of one for one. To all intents and purposes, the German monetary union calls for large transfers from West Germany to East Germany in order to limit immigration. This situation may involve an inflationary danger: the financial transfers will cause a large budget deficit and the strong demand which East Germany focuses on West Germany could feed inflation. . In spite of the fact that the German unification increases the economic power of Germany in the European community, these economic conditions offer France some opportunities: French inflation might become lower than German inflation and the balance of trade might become more even on both sides.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Pierre Broclawski & Laurent Kenigswald, 1990. "Allemagne : année zéro," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 232(1), pages 25-32.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1990_num_232_1_5450
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1990.5450
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1990.5450
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    Cited by:

    1. Éric Chaney & Laurent Kenigswald & Luc Véron, 1991. "L'unification allemande, un an après," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 246(1), pages 11-28.

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