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Les conditions de réussite du marché intérieur : concrétiser les opportunités

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  • Michel Catinat

Abstract

[spa] Las condiciones de éxito del gran mercado interior. Concretizar oportunidades - Las barreras no arancelarias que ponen trabas a los intercambios intracomunitarios son multiples y actúan de manera difusa. Interrogados acerca de la próxima eventualidad de su supresión, los empresarios europeos, en su gran mayoria, esperan ver la economía aliviada de costos improductivos cuya amplitud puede sorprender en ciertas ocasiones. Más alla de los efectos directos inmediatamente perceptibles, el desmantelamiento de barreras no arancelarias constituirá igualmente una fuente de efectos indirectos ligados a la integración de las economías comunitarias. ¿ Que beneficios económicos resultarán de integración de las economias comunitarias. ¿ Que beneficios resultarán de estos efectos directos e indirectos ? ¿ Que consecuencias se podrán esperar con relación a los agregados macroeconómicos : PIB, empleo, inflación, saldo exterior o presupuestario ? El presente articulo da cuenta de un ensayo de cuantificación efectuado en el marco de las actividades de la Comisión de las Comunidades Europeas. En ausencia de una teoría integrada que permita pasar del análisis de medidas microeconómicas a sus consecuencias macroeconómicas, han sido desarrollados metodos especificos innovadores pero que presentan en contrapartida, un cierto grado de imprecision. . La realización del gran mercado único, es una política de oferta a la europea, tanto en sus objetivos como en su filosofia. Cualesquiera que sean los beneficios que se puedan esperar de una mejor asignación de los recursos o de la presión de la competencia, el cuerpo social juzgará también el objetivo de 1992, según el modo en que tales beneficios sean redistribuidos entre los actores económicos o entre las regiones. Las oportunidades creadas por el mercado interior solo se concretizarán si los riesgos de bloqueo social pueden ser evitados. En su ultima parte, el articulo examina la manera en que taies riesgos pueden evitarse mediante medidas adecuadas de política economics y medidas de acompanamiento que conciernen la política de competitividad, los aspectos exteriores del mercado interior o la coordinación de politicas macroeconómicas. [eng] The Conditions of Success in the Unified European Market. Making Opportunities More Concrete - There are a number of non-tariff bareers which hinder exchange within the community and also act indirectly. When asked about the possibility that they may soon be removed, most of the heads of European enterprises say they expect the economy to be relieved of the burden of unproductive costs which can sometimes be surprisingly high. In addition to the direct effects which are immediately perceptible, the abolition of non- tariff bareers will also bring about indirect effects related to the integration of the various EEC economies. What benefits will the economies reap from these direct and indirect effects? What consequences can be expected on macroeconomic aggregates, the industrial gross product, employment, inflation, the balance of trade and the budget balance? The present article reports an attempt to quantify these gains, a study which was made as part of the work of the European Community Commission. Since there is no integrated theory making it possible to deduce the macroeconomic consequences of microeconomic measures, new scientific methods have been set up : they are innovative, but rather imprecise. The creation of a unified market is based on a European-style supply-side economic policy in its objectives as well as in its philosophy. Whatever gains might be expected of a better distribution of resources or the pressure of competition, the social body will judge the 1 992 objective by the way the gains will be redistributed among the economic participants or among the regions. The opportunities created by the unified market will not materialize unless the risk of a social blockage is avoided. The last part of the article studies France's possibility to prevent this by taking appropriate measures in economic policy as well as accompanying measures regarding competition, the exterior aspects of the unified market or the coordination of macroeconomic politics. [fre] Les barrières non tarifaires qui entravent les échanges intra-communautaires sont multiples et agissent de façon diffuse. Interrogés sur l'éventualité prochaine de leur suppression, les chefs d'entreprise européens s'attendent, dans leur grande majorité, à voir l'économie soulagée de coûts improductifs dont l'ampleur peut parfois surprendre. Au-delà des effets directs immédiatement perceptibles, le démantèlement des barrières non tarifaires sera source également d'effets indirects liés à l'intégration des économies communautaires. Quels gains économiques résulteront de ces effets directs et indirects ? Quelles conséquences en attendre sur les agrégats macro-économiques : PIB, emploi, inflation, solde extérieur ou budgétaire ? Le présent article rend compte d'un essai de quantification effectué dans le cadre des travaux de la Commission des Communautés européennes. En l'absence de théorie intégrée permettant de passer de l'analyse de mesures micro-économiques à leurs conséquences macro-économiques, des méthodes spécifiques ont été développées : innovantes, elles ont pour contrepartie un certain degré d'imprécision. La réalisation du grand marché est une politique d'offre « à l'européenne », dans ses objectifs comme dans sa philosophie. Quels que soient les gains que l'on peut attendre d'une meilleure allocation des ressources ou de la pression de la concurrence, le corps social jugera aussi l'objectif de 1 992 sur la façon dont ces gains seront redistribués entre les acteurs économiques ou entre les régions. Les opportunités créées par le marché intérieur ne se concrétiseront que si les risques de blocage social peuvent être évités. Dans sa dernière partie, l'article examine comment éviter ces risques par des mesures adéquates de politique économique et des mesures d'accompagnement concernant la politique de concurrence, les aspects extérieurs du marché intérieur ou la coordination des politiques macro-économiques.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Catinat, 1989. "Les conditions de réussite du marché intérieur : concrétiser les opportunités," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 217(1), pages 97-115.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1989_num_217_1_5290
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1989.5290
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1989.5290
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    1. Pete Richardson, 1987. "Recent Developments in OECD's International Macroeconomic Model," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 46, OECD Publishing.
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    1. François Legendre, 1992. "La distribution des rendements d'échelle dans l'industrie. Une illustration à partir d'un panel de plus de 700 entreprises françaises," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 43(1), pages 71-100.

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