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Conditions d'emploi et coût de la main-d'oeuvre dans les économies européennes

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  • Philippe Sigogne

Abstract

[fre] Taux de salarisation, qualification, sexe, mode de travail, pyramide des âges, ancienneté, sont autant d'éléments qui renseignent a priori sur l'efficience de la main-d'œuvre. En France, par rapport aux autres pays européens, elle est plus forte dans l'industrie et les institutions financières que dans les commerces. Les échelles de rémunération sont censées correspondre a posteriori à ces différences d'efficacité. Qu'en est-il? Il semble qu'en France les coûts salariaux, surtout industriels s'ajustent moins aux productivités marginales des travailleurs qu'en Allemagne fédérale ou aux Pays-Bas par exemple. Les charges sociales s'imputent partiellement sur la rémunération directe du travail, elles sont moindres dans les commerces qu'ailleurs d'où le moindre écart constaté entre les salaires commerciaux en France et à l'étranger. Le retard des rémunérations accumulé au milieu des années soixante-dix a permis un taux de profit élevé. Ces profits, s'appuyant sur une bonne productivité dans l'industrie et sur des prix élevés dans les services, ont engendré un flux d'investissement relativement plus élevé qu'à l'étranger. [eng] Employment Conditions and Labor Costs in European Economies - The percentage of salaried labor, skills, the sex of the worker, the kind of work, the age pyramid, seniority — all of these are so many elements which provide information a priori on the efficiency of labor. In France, as compared with other European countries, this efficiency is greater in industries and in financial institutions than in the wholesale and retail trade sector. The wage scales are supposed to correspond a posteriori to these differences in efficiency. Is this in fact the case? It would seem that in France salary costs, and especially in industry, are less adjusted to the marginal productivity of workers than in Federal Germany or in the Netherlands, for example. As social contributions are in part deducted from the salary paid out, these are lower in trade than elsewhere, which explains that there is less of a gap between salaries in the retail and wholesale sector in France and abroad. As France's salary levels were somewhat behind in the middle of the seventies, this allowed for a high rate of profit. These profits, based on strong productivity fn industry and on high prices in the service sector, created a flow of investment which was relatively higher in France than abroad. [spa] Condiciones de empleo y costo de la fuerza laboral en las economîas europeas - Tasa de salariadoz, cualificación, sexo, forma de trabajo, piramide de edades, antiguedad, son elementos que informan a priori acerca de la eficiencia de la fuerza laboral. En Francia, en relación con los demás países europeos, es mas elevada en la industria y las entidades fmancieras que en los comercios. Las escalas de remuneración están supuestas corresponder a posteriori a estas desemejanzas de eficacia. ¿Será cierto? Al parecer, en Francia los costes salariales, mayormente industrials se ajustan menos a las productividades marginales de los trabajadores que en la Republica federal de Alemania o en los Países Bajos, por ejemplo. Las cargas sociales afectan parcialmente la remuneración directa del trabajo, no son tan elevadas en los comercios que en otros lugares; de ahí, el descarte menos importante observado entre los salarios comerciales en Francia y en el extranjero. El retraso de las remuneraciones acumulado a mediados de los años del setenta facilitó una tasa de beneficio elevada. Dichos beneficios, que estriban en una buena productividad industrial y en precios elevados en los servicios, engendraron un flujo inversionista relativamente más elevado que en el extranjero.

Suggested Citation

  • Philippe Sigogne, 1982. "Conditions d'emploi et coût de la main-d'oeuvre dans les économies européennes," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 140(1), pages 63-84.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1982_num_140_1_4572
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1982.4572
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1982.4572
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jean-Claude Milleron & Yves Younes, 1980. "Productivité du travail et substitution entre les facteurs : points de repère," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 127(1), pages 55-62.
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