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Le chômage : un phénomène de file d'attente

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  • Robert Salais

Abstract

[fre] Assimilant le chômage à un phénomène de file d'attente, l'analyse présentée ici cherche à expliquer, trimestre par trimestre, l'évolution des demandes d'emploi et des fréquences de sortie du chômage depuis 1971. Distinguant les flux d'entrée en chômage selon leur origine (licenciements économiques, démissions, arrivées de nouveaux actifs), le modèle vise à cerner la liaison entre la mobilité et les nouvelles inscriptions à l'Agence nationale pour l'emploi; d'autre part, il fait dépendre la rapidité de sortie du chômage, un trimestre donné, du déséquilibre global entre offre et demande. Comparée aux variations observées du stock de chômeurs entre 1972 et 1978 la simulation effectuée retrace bien la forte montée de la fin de 1974 et du début de 1975. Selon cette problématique l'augmentation de l'ancienneté du chômage résulterait de l'écart croissant entre offre et demande et des transformations qui affectent l'emploi. Ce faisant on s'écarte de l'hypothèse selon laquelle les durées de chômage seraient arbitrées de façon autonome par les individus. [eng] Unemployment — Comparable to Waiting in Line - By comparing unemployment to the phenomenon of standing in line, the author has tried to explain, on a quarter to quarter basis, the evolution of job requests and removal from the rolls of the ANPE since 1971. By showing the cause of the flow in the entry into unemployment (dismissals for economic reasons, resignations, the arrival of new labor), the model attempts to show the relation between mobility and new enrollments with the Agence Nationale pour l'emploi. Furthermore, it shows that the rapidity with which a new job is found, in a given quarter, depends on the overall imbalance of job supply and demand. When compared with the variations observed in the number of unemployed between 1972 and 1978, the author's simulation retraces accurately the sharp increase at the end of 1974 and the beginning of 1975. From this point of view, the rise in the duration of unemployment is due to the growing gap between supply and demand and certain changes which have affected the employment situation. Thus, the hypothesis that the duration of unemployment is essentially controlled autonomously by Individuals can be rejected. [spa] El desempleo, un fenomeno de espera -Al asemejar el desempleo a un fenomeno de cola, el análisis que va presentado aquí intenta explicar, trimestre por trimestre, la evolución de las demandas de empleo y de las frecuencias de salida del desempleo desde 1971. Distinguiendo los flujos de entrada en desempleo forzoso segun su origen (despidos económicos, dimisiones, llegada al mercado laboral de nuevos activos), el modelo intenta delimitar el vmculo entre movilidad y nuevas inscripciones en la ANPE (Agence Nationale pour l'emploi); por otra parte, según este mismo modelo, la rapidez con la que se sale del desempleo depende, un trimestre dado, del desequilibrio global entre oferta y demanda. Equiparada con las variaciones observadas respecto al stock de desempleados entre 1972 y 1978, la simulación llevada a efecto trae a la memoria la aguda subida de fines de 1974 y de principios de 1975. Según esta problemática, el incremento de la duración del desempleo sería consecuencia del creciente descarte entre oferta y demanda así como de las transformaciones acaecidas en el empleo. Obrando así, uno se aleja de la hipótesis según la cual las duraciones de desempleo estarían arbitradas de manera autónoma por los propios indivíduos.

Suggested Citation

  • Robert Salais, 1980. "Le chômage : un phénomène de file d'attente," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 123(1), pages 67-78.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1980_num_123_1_4371
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1980.4371
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1980.4371
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