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Les nouvelles perspectives du capitalisme américain

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  • Michel Aglietta
  • Monique Fouet

Abstract

[fre] Depuis la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale, le développement des États-Unis a profondément marqué la croissance mondiale. Non seulement il a servi d'exemple dans la plupart des pays industriels; mais encore il y a influencé directement de nombreuses décisions pour lesquelles l'évolution du commerce extérieur américain et la stratégie des firmes multinationales jouèrent un rôle déterminant. Au cours des dernières années de nouvelles tendances se sont manifestées aussi bien pour la croissance interne des États-Unis que pour leur expansion à l'étranger. Malgré un relèvement des profits et une consolidation de l'endettement des entreprises, l'investissement manque de dynamisme; on assiste à une remise en cause des orientations antérieures tant pour les modes de vie que pour l'organisation du travail et le progrès technologique. Simultanément, la spécialisation des exportations s'est accrue et le rôle des filiales étrangères des sociétés américaines a été révisé. Ces changements ne manqueront pas d'influencer l'évolution économique dans le reste du monde. [eng] New perspectives of american capitalism - Since the end of World War II, the economic development of the United States has profoundly marked world growth. It has not only served as a model in the majority of industrial countries; it has also influenced in a direct manner a number of decisions in which the evolution of American exterior commerce and the strategies of multinational firms has played a determining role. During the last few years, new tendencies have manifested themselves, both for the internal growth of the United States as well as its expansion abroad. In spite of a rise in profits and a consolidation of business debt, investment lacks dynamism. This provokes questions of previous orientations, in the domain of modes of living as well as the organization of work in general and technological progress. Simultaneously, the specialization of exports has grown and the role of foreign branches of American business abroad has been revised. Those changes will certainly influence the world economic development in the future. [spa] Las nuevas perspectivas del capital ismo de los Estados Unidos - Desde el fin de la segunda guerra mundial, el desarrollo de los Estados Unidos dejó hondas huellas en el crecimiento mundial. Se señaló, no tan solo a modo de ejemplo en la mayoría de los países industrializados, si no que también influyó directamente en numerosas decisiones para las cuales la evolución del comercio exterior estadounidense y la estrategia de las empresas multinacionales desempenaron un papel decisivo. En el transcurso de los últimos anos, se manifestaron nuevas tendencias, tanto con relación al crecimiento interno de los Estados Unidos como respecto a su expansion en el extranjero. A pesar de un alza de los beneficios y de una consolidación del endeudamiento de las empresas, la inversion carece de dinamismo : es factible observar que las anteriores orientaciones, tanto respecto a usanzas y costumbres, como con relación a organización laboral y a desarrollo tecnico se ponen a debate. Al propis tiempo, la especial ización de las exportaciones se ha incrementado y el papel que desempenan las filiales extraderas de las societades estadounidenses fué revisado. Estas mutaciones efectarán sin duda el desarrollo economico mundial en el porvenir.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Aglietta & Monique Fouet, 1978. "Les nouvelles perspectives du capitalisme américain," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 97(1), pages 25-41.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1978_num_97_1_3086
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1978.3086
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1978.3086
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    Cited by:

    1. Monique Fouet, 1989. "Stratégies industrielles et stratégies de change : le cas des États-Unis," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 26(1), pages 7-69.

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