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Réalités africaines et enquêtes budget-consommation

Author

Listed:
  • René Hallu
  • Anita Bensaïd
  • René Bascou-Brescane
  • Pierre Verneuil

Abstract

[fre] 37 enquêtes budget-consommation des ménages ont été effectuées en Afrique noire (zone franc) entre 1955 et 1967, auprès de plus de 30 000 ménages (180 000 personnes). . Ces enquêtes portent sur des milieux socio-économiques d'une spécificité telle que les outils habituellement r utilisés par. les statisticiens, et même des concepts de base comme ceux de « ménage » et de « budget » sont à remettre en cause. Une méthodologie originale reste à mettre au point en se fondant sur l'étude des milieux et les expériences déjà tentées. . Deux aspects de l'économie d'Afrique noire méritent d'être particulièrement soulignés dans cette perspective. C'est d'abord l'importance considérable de la part de l'économie demeurant en dehors de tout circuit monétaire : autoconsommation, cadeaux en nature, troc. C'est ensuite la complexité des structures de solidarité économique." Le ménage,' défini comme la plus petite cellule de consommation et de mise en commun des ressources, n'est presque jamais autonome. D'autres influences interviennent, parfois de façon déterminante, sur son comportement économique : celles du village, du lignage, de la concession par exemple. Les limites du ménage apparaissent d'ailleurs souvent comme floues et sa composition, comme ses caractéristiques, se modifient rapidement. . Les enquêtes budget-consommation des ménages demeurent les seules sources d'information détaillée et quantifiée qui soient disponibles dans ces pays, concernant des phénomènes aussi fondamentaux que la production agricole traditionnelle, la distribution des revenus, la consommation finale. Elles trouvent donc de nombreux utilisateurs, au premier rang desquels figurent les comptables nationaux et planificateurs. [eng] Thirty-seven household budget-consumption surveys were carried out in Africa South of the Sahara (Franc Area) between 1955 and 1967, among more than 30,000 households (180,000 people). . These surveys relate to social and economic environments of such a specific character that the tools habitually used by statisticians, and even basic concepts such as « household » and « budget » have to be reappraised. An original methodology still has to be worked out on the basis of a study of the environments and of the experiments already made. . Two aspects of the economy of Africa South of the Sahara merit special emphasis in this connection. The first is the considerable importance of that part of the economy which remains wholly outside any monetary circuit; subsistence consumption, gifts in kind, barter. The second is the complexity of the patterns of economic solidarity. The household, defined as the smallest unit of consumption and of the pooling of resources is almost never autonomous; other influences intervene, sometimes decisively, in its economic behaviour; such as the village, the family group or the concession. , The limits of the household, moreover, are often shifting, and its composition, as well as its characteristics, change fast. . Household budget-consumption surveys remain the only source of detailed and quantified information available in these countries on such fundamental phenomena as traditional agricultural production, the distribution of incomes, final consumption. They therefore find many users, foremost among whom are national accountants and planners. [spa] 37 encuestas sobre el presupuesto y el consumo de los hogares fueron realizadas en el Africa negra (zona franco) entre 1955 y 1967, cerca de mâs de 30 000 hogares (180 000 personas). Dichas encuestas estriban sobre esferas socio-econômicas de calidad tan espetifica que los medios de acción utilizados habitualmente por los estadlsticos, y hasta conceptos básicos taies como los de « hogar » y de « presupuesto » han de ser revisados. Queda una metodologfa original por poner al punto, basándose sobre el estudio de las esferas y sobre las experiencias ya intentadas. . Dos aspectos de la economía del Africa negra merecen, dentro de esta perspectiva, subrayarse particularmente. Es, en primer lugar, la importancia considerable de esta parte de la economfa que queda fuera de todo circuito monetario : autoconsumo, regalos de cosas materiales. Es, en segundo lugar, la complexidad de las estructuras de solidaridad económica. El hogar — definido como la más diminuta célula de consumo y de mancomunidad de los recursos — no es casi nunca autónoma. Otras influencias intervîenen, a veces en forma déterminante, sobre su comporta- miento económico : las del pueblo, del linaje, de la cesión de tierras, por ejemplo. Aparté de esto, los limites del hogar aparecen a menudo faltos de precision y su composición, asf como sus caracteristicas, se modifican rápidamente. . Las encuestas sobre puesupuesto y consumo de los hogares siguen siendo las únicas fuentes de information detallada y cuantificada disponibles en esos paises con respecto a fenómenos tan fondamentales como lo son la production agricola tradicional, la distribution de las rentas, el consumo final. Asi pues, interesan a numerosos utilizadores, entre los cuales figuran en primer lugar los contadores nacionales y los planificadores.

Suggested Citation

  • René Hallu & Anita Bensaïd & René Bascou-Brescane & Pierre Verneuil, 1970. "Réalités africaines et enquêtes budget-consommation," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 11(1), pages 21-32.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1970_num_11_1_1933
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1970.1933
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1970.1933
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    Cited by:

    1. Jean-Michel Servet & Hadrien Saiag, 2013. "Household over-indebtedness in northern and southern countries: a macro-perspective," Post-Print halshs-02343502, HAL.

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