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Reprise américaine : quel contenu en emplois ?

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  • Sophie Rivaud
  • Vincent Grossmann-Wirth

Abstract

[fre] Sans remettre en cause le caractère principalement cyclique des destructions nettes d’emplois observées lors de la crise de 2007-2009, cette étude montre que la réactivité du marché du travail américain à l’activité constatée depuis est relativement similaire à celle observée lors des « reprises sans emploi » (après les récessions de 1990 et 2001). Ce résultat économétrique est conforté par les données disponibles sur les flux d’entrée et sortie du chômage, l’emploi à temps partiel et le nombre d’heures travaillées. Une décomposition par secteurs permet d’expliquer en partie ce phénomène par la baisse de la part de l’emploi manufacturier dans l’emploi total, laissant le secteur des services, moins cyclique, comme principale source de création d’emplois en période de reprise. [eng] Our study does not challenge the mainly cyclical nature of the net job losses observed in the U.S. in the 2007-2009 crisis. However , we show that the U.S. labor market’s responsiveness to post-crisis GDP changes is relatively similar to the pattern observed in the “ jobless recoveries ” after the 1990 and 2001 recessions. This econometric result is supported by the available data on flows into and out of unemployment, on part-time work, and on the number of hours worked. A breakdown by economic sector shows that the phenomenon is partly due to the decline in the share of manufacturing jobs in total employment. This leaves the service sector, which is less cyclical, as the main source of job creation during recoveries.

Suggested Citation

  • Sophie Rivaud & Vincent Grossmann-Wirth, 2010. "Reprise américaine : quel contenu en emplois ?," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 195(4), pages 165-171.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_2010_num_195_4_8069
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.2010.8069
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.2010.8069
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    File URL: https://doi.org/10.3406/ecop.2010.8069
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    1. Vincent Grossmann-Wirth & Sophie Rivaud & Stéphane Sorbe, 2010. "Comprendre la formation de la bulle immobilière américaine et son éclatement," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 438(1), pages 151-171.

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