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Changements de composition de la force de travail. Implications pour les salaires et le chômage

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  • Etienne Wasmer

Abstract

[eng] Changes in the Structure of the Labour Force: Wage and Unemployment Implications . by Etienne Wasmer . Some important stylised facts on the leading OECD countries' labour markets and the rise in wage inequalities and unemployment are described and associated with changes in the structure of the labour force. The literature sometimes overlooks the fact that these changes can destabilise the labour markets, by considering the labour supply to be a homogeneous factor. We endeavour to show here that the supply should be represented as heterogeneous in that this rise has been accompanied by a marked change in structure. The labour force has become younger and more female. This paper describes the mechanisms that can create unemployment and inequalities. These supply changes could be viewed as an increase in the number of low- wage-earners. Also worth mentioning is the drop in the actual amount of employment experience among the labour force. [fre] Changements de composition de la force de travail. Implications pour les salaires et le chômage . par Etienne Wasmer . Quelques faits stylisés importants des marchés du travail des principaux pays de l'OCDE, la montée des inégalités de salaires ou du chômage, sont décrits et reliés aux changements de composition de la population active. La littérature a parfois négligé le fait que ces changements puissent constituer un facteur déséquilibrant des marchés du travail, en considérant l' offre de travail comme un facteur homogène. On veut montrer ici qu' il faudrait représenter l'offre comme hétérogène : ainsi, cette augmentation a été accompagnée d'un changement de composition notable, dans le sens d'un rajeunissement et d'une féminisation de la population active. Les mécanismes pouvant produire du chômage ou des inégalités sont décrits dans cet article. Ces changements de l'offre peuvent être vus comme une augmentation du nombre de travailleurs à faibles salaires. On peut aussi décrire la baisse des quantités effectives d'expérience de l'emploi de la population active.

Suggested Citation

  • Etienne Wasmer, 1999. "Changements de composition de la force de travail. Implications pour les salaires et le chômage," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 138(2), pages 77-87.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_1999_num_138_2_5960
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.1999.5960
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.1999.5960
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    Cited by:

    1. Gilbert Cette, 2005. "Are Productivity Levels Higher in Some European Countries than in the United States?," International Productivity Monitor, Centre for the Study of Living Standards, vol. 10, pages 59-68, Spring.
    2. Renaud Bourlès & Gilbert Cette, 2006. "A comparison of structural productivity levels in the major industrialised countries," OECD Economic Studies, OECD Publishing, vol. 2005(2), pages 75-108.

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