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Théorie de l'utilité et mesure des états de santé, le débat QALYs-HYEs

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  • Claude Le Pen

Abstract

[eng] Utility Theory and Health Status measurement: the Debate QALYs vs HYEs . by Claude Le Pen . A vigorous debate has recently opposed int the field on the economic assessment of medical technologies two methods to value health states : the "Quality Adjusted Life Years" (QALYs) and the "Healthy Years Equivalents" (HYEs). For a given health state, the QALYs are defined as the sum of life years allowed in a définie health state, each year being weighted by a coefficient, which reflects the utility of is "quality". The coefficient value varies between 0 and 1, 0 being attached to the worse quality and 1 to the best. This indicator, whose simplicity and intuitive appeal certainly explain the great success, faces nevertheless serious theoretical probems. It can be shown in fact that the preference pattern of an agent who would prefer health state A to health state B if and only if the number of QALYs in A is grater than that in B, obeys a set of restrictive assumptions, so that the psychological profile of the agent lacks credibility. Some authors have thus proposed an alternate measurement, the HYEs, which have the advantage to give an integrated utility measure of both quality and quantity of life, without requiring a complete and restrictive specification of the utility function. More general from a theoretical point of view, this concept proves impossible to be practically implemented. The methods designef to compute empirically the HYEs implicitly require in fact the same limitung assumptions than the QALYs. So, we have from one hand a concept which is easy to implement empirically but without a great theoretical relevance and, from the other hand, a concept which is richer at the theoretical level but is disappointing at the pratical level. Apart from the technical matters, the debate has the interest to reveal the meaning and the limit of the application of utility theory to the measurement of health state. [fre] Théorie de l'utilité et mesure des états de santé, le débat QALYs-HYEs . par Claude Le Pen . i de la théorie de l'évaluation économique, deux méthodes de valorisation des états les "Healthy Years Equivalent" (HYEs). Pour un état de santé donné, les QALYs se définissent comme la somme des années de vie offerte dans ces états de santé, chacune étant pondérée par un coefficient, compris entre 0 et 1 , reflétant l'utilité de sa "qualité". La valeur 0 est affecté à la pire qualité ; 1 à la meilleure. Cet indicateur, dont la simplicité et le caractère intuitif a assuré le succès, pose néanmoins un sérieux problème théorique. Il est en effet possible de montrer que les préférences d'un agent qui choisirait systématiquement l'état A et l'état B si et seulement si le nombre de QALYs de A est supérieur à ceui de B, doivent être soumises à des hypothèses telles que la vraisemblance d'un tel profil psychologique est douteuse. Certains auteurs ont proposé une mesure alternative, les HYEs, qui ont l'avantage de donner une mesure intégrée des préférences sur le couple qualité-quantité de vie et de ne pas nécessiter de spécification précise de la fonction d'utilité. Plus général sur un plan théorique, ce concept s'avère en pratique impossible à utiliser. Les méthodes imaginées par ces promoteurs s'avèrent en effet nécessiter les mêmes hypothèses que celles des QALYs. Ainsi, dispose-t-on à la fois d'un concept facile à mesurer mais sans grande portée théorique et d'un concept plus riche théoriquement, mais décevant en pratique. Au-delà des aspects techniques, ce débat a ainsi l'intérêt de révéler la portée et les limites du recours à la théorie économique pour représenter les états de santé.

Suggested Citation

  • Claude Le Pen, 1997. "Théorie de l'utilité et mesure des états de santé, le débat QALYs-HYEs," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 129(3), pages 37-54.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_1997_num_129_3_5863
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.1997.5863
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.1997.5863
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    References listed on IDEAS

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