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Comprendre le Sherman antitrust Act de 1890 (Les origines de la politique concurrentielle fédérale américaine)

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  • Hubert Kempf

Abstract

[eng] The notoriety of the Sherman Act, enacted in 1890, is still remarkable. However, it lacks a clear understanding and the US antitrust policy in the twentieth century is quite contradictory. Such a posterity of the law becomes understandable when it is recognized that the aim of the law was not strictly economical (« protecting competition ») but political. What was at bay was the balance of power between the states and the federal government. Viewed as such, the Sherman Act appears as a milestone event in the centralizing process at work in the US. [fre] Le Sherman Act, voté par le Congrès américain en 1890, et qui fonde la politique fédérale en matière de concurrence, jouit toujours d'une notoriété sans équivalent. Pourtant, comme le montre la pratique de protection de la concurrence menée aux États- Unis au cours du vingtième siècle, cette loi donne lieu à des interprétations contradictoires et sa portée est ambiguë. Cette situation s'éclaire si on cesse de voir dans le Sherman Act une loi ayant un objet économique précis (« protéger la concurrence ») mais un texte consacrant la prééminence du fédéral en matière d'intervention économique, et ainsi la centralisation du pouvoir politique aux États-Unis.

Suggested Citation

  • Hubert Kempf, 1992. "Comprendre le Sherman antitrust Act de 1890 (Les origines de la politique concurrentielle fédérale américaine)," Cahiers d'Économie Politique, Programme National Persée, vol. 20(1), pages 187-211.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:caecpo:cep_0154-8344_1992_num_20_1_1133
    DOI: 10.3406/cep.1992.1133
    Note: DOI:10.3406/cep.1992.1133
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