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La Généralisation de la Théorie de l'Emploi à l'Economie Monétaire de la Production (esquisse d'un programme de recherche)

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  • Alain Barrère

Abstract

[fre] Le champ d'analyse de la T.G. est anormalement limité par les hypothèses de la courte période : non concordance du profit maximum et de l'emploi maximum ; plein emploi conçu comme limite des situations d'équilibre possibles ; bloquage de la production au niveau du plein emploi qui fait apparaître une économie de transfert d'activités. La T.G. n'est donc pas une interprétation d'ensemble d'une économie de production croissante : la loi des rendements décroissants a une portée générale ; l'investissement crée des emplois mais reste sans effet sur le volume de l'équipement et sur sa capacité de production. . Cependant, dans les C.W., Keynes montre que l'économie d'entrepreneurs est caractérisée par l'accroissement de la richesse courante. L'investissement productif doit l'emporter sur l'accumulation personnelle stérile, de sorte que soit dépassé l'équilibre stationnaire de plein emploi. Ceci conduit au réexamen des relations entre épargne et consommation, lequel pose l'option fondamentale entre l'accumulation de la richesse acquise et l'investissement du surplus courant. . La spéculation et les anticipations influencent les décisions d'employer et de produire par le jeu de deux facteurs : la monnaie et l'équipement durable. La T.G. n'étudie que les conséquences de l'investissement, mentionnant sans les intégrer, le coût d'usage, les coûts d'investissement et de remplacement. Il faut intégrer ces trois éléments dans le cycle du capital, ce qui conduit à raisonner hors des hypothèses de courte période, et en termes de grandeurs brutes et non en termes de grandeurs nettes, et donc à examiner le comportement autonome des trois variables précitées. Du circuit du revenu net on passe alors au circuit du produit brut qui dégage la règle selon laquelle : « quand le produit croît, le revenu et la consommation augmentent, mais le revenu augmente moins que le produit et la consommation moins que le revenu ». [eng] Keynes' General Theory analysis is limited by three kinds of assumptions which are reserved for the short period : non-conformity between maximum employment and maximum profit : full employment considered as the limit of the equilibrium situations and as a bottleneck of production. Therefore General Theory is not a model of a growing economy. Investment creates employment but is without effect on the volume and capacity of production, since the scale of production is given and the returns are decreasing. . However, in his Collected Papers, Keynes shows that an entrepreneurial economy is caracterized by the growth of current wealth. In such an economy investment overtakes personnal accumulation to overpass the stationary situation of full employment. This takes us to a new examination of the relationships between saving and consumption and of the fundamental choice : to increase one's own wealth or to invest to increase the common wealth. . Speculation and anticipations influence the decisions to employ and to produce by two factors : money and fixed capital. The General Theory only considers the consequences of investment, mentioning the user costs, the costs of disinvestment and the replacement costs without considering their effects in the analysis : our purpose is to integrate them in the capital cycle, and thus to abandon the short period hypothesis as well as the analysis in terms of gross — and not net — variables. Therefore from the income circuit we can pass to the gross product circuit, which enables us to find the golden rule of growth : "when the product increases, the income and the consumption increase, but the income increases less than the product and the consumption less than the income".

Suggested Citation

  • Alain Barrère, 1988. "La Généralisation de la Théorie de l'Emploi à l'Economie Monétaire de la Production (esquisse d'un programme de recherche)," Cahiers d'Économie Politique, Programme National Persée, vol. 14(1), pages 173-195.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:caecpo:cep_0154-8344_1988_num_14_1_1068
    DOI: 10.3406/cep.1988.1068
    Note: DOI:10.3406/cep.1988.1068
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