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La Théorie Générale de Keynes : une lecture hicksienne

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  • Jean-Luc Gaffard

Abstract

[fre] La Théorie Générale de Keynes représente un changement radical de méthode. La nature de ce changement est discutée dans une perspective hicksienne. En effet, nous prenons en considération, d'abord, ce que Hicks appelle une théorie de la période unitaire, ensuite, ce qu'il appelle une théorie de la continuation. Du point de vue de la théorie de la période unitaire, le changement le plus révolutionnaire tient dans l'usage de la méthode des anticipations qui implique que demandes et offres sont considérées comme étant déterminées non seulement par les goûts et les ressources mais aussi par les anticipations : l'analyse d'équilibre peut être utilisée non seulement dans des conditions statiques, mais même dans le monde réel en déséquilibre. Cependant, du point de vue de la théorie de la continuation, la manière rigoureuse d'interpréter l'analyse de Keynes est de considérer les seules solutions stationnaires qui impliquent des stocks stationnaires ou des stocks augmentant tous à un taux commun. Dès lors la théorie de la continuation de Keynes repose sur l'hypothèse que les anticipations de courte période sont toutes réalisées et doivent donc être ajustées aux changements des anticipations de longue période. [eng] Keynes' General Theory represents a change in theoretical method. The nature of this change is discussed in a Hicksian perspective. In fact, we take into consideration first what Hicks calls single period theory, and secondly what he calls continuation theory. From the standpoint of single period theory, the most revolutionnary change is the use of the method of expectations which implies that demands and supplies are regarded as determined not only by tastes and resources but also by expectations : equilibrium analysis can be used no only in static conditions, but even in the real world in disequilibrium. Yet, from the standpoint of continuation theory, the rigorous way to interpret Keynes' analysis is to regard the only stationnary solutions which imply stationnary stocks or stocks all growing at a common proportional rate. Therefore the continuation theory is setting forth on the assumption that short period expectations are always fulfilled and so must be adjusted to changes in long period expectations.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Luc Gaffard, 1988. "La Théorie Générale de Keynes : une lecture hicksienne," Cahiers d'Économie Politique, Programme National Persée, vol. 14(1), pages 43-50.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:caecpo:cep_0154-8344_1988_num_14_1_1056
    DOI: 10.3406/cep.1988.1056
    Note: DOI:10.3406/cep.1988.1056
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