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Abstract
[fre] Dans leurs travaux, Marx, Keynes et Schumpeter pensent au capitalisme comme à un système dynamique, mais ils prévoient aussi sa fin. Ils décrivent un drame dans lequel l'entrepreneur est le personnage central. De l'autre côté, le prolétaire (Marx), le consommateur (Keynes) et l'intellectuel (Schumpeter) sont les acteurs secondaires de la scène. . Quand nous nous tournons vers le mécanisme imaginé par les trois auteurs, la production est guidée par le profit, mais ce concept n'a pas le même sens dans les trois œuvres. Le résultat est la baisse du taux de profit (Marx), ou la baisse de la demande effective (Keynes), ou l'installation dans un flux circulaire (Schumpeter). . Il est possible de décrire l'évolution du système capitaliste au moyen de modèles. Au-delà des analogies et des différences, on observe que Marx insiste sur la mort du capitalisme, Keynes nous donne quelques remèdes qui sont ceux du Welfare State, et Schumpeter recommande une transition au socialisme grâce à la gestion de la monnaie publique et différents moyens de démocratie politique. [eng] In their works, Marx, Keynes and Schumpeter thought of capita/ism as a dynamic system but they forecast its end also. They described a drama where entrepreneur is the leading man. On the other hand, the proletarian (Marx), the consumer (Keynes) and the intellectual (Schumpeter) are the secondary actors on this scene. . When we turn to the mecanism imagined by the three men, production is guided by profit but this concept has not the same meaning in the three works. The resulting game is the falling rate of profit (with regard to Marx), or the fall of effective demand (with regard to Keynes) or the settling down to circular flow (with regard to Schumpeter). It is possible to describe the evolution of capitalist system by means of models. Beyond analogies and differences, we observe that Marx insists on the death of capita/ism, Keynes gives us some remedies which are those of the Welfare State and Schumpeter recommends a transition to socialism by economic care of public money and by the alternative and political means of democracy.
Suggested Citation
Guy Caire, 1985.
"Marx, Keynes, Schumpeter : trois visions du capitalisme,"
Cahiers d'Économie Politique, Programme National Persée, vol. 10(1), pages 387-407.
Handle:
RePEc:prs:caecpo:cep_0154-8344_1985_num_10_1_1020
DOI: 10.3406/cep.1985.1020
Note: DOI:10.3406/cep.1985.1020
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