IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/plo/pone00/0260063.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The worldwide burden of HIV in transgender individuals: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Sarah E Stutterheim
  • Mart van Dijk
  • Haoyi Wang
  • Kai J Jonas

Abstract

Introduction: Transgender individuals are at risk for HIV. HIV risks are dynamic and there have been substantial changes in HIV prevention (e.g., pre-exposure prophylaxis [PrEP]). It is thus time to revisit HIV prevalence and burden among transgender individuals. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was thus to examine worldwide prevalence and burden of HIV over the course of the epidemic among trans feminine and trans masculine individuals. Methods: We conducted an updated systematic review by searching PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, for studies of any research design published in in a peer-reviewed journal in any language that reported HIV prevalence among transgender individuals published between January 2000 and January 2019. Two independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed methodological quality. We then conducted a meta-analysis, using random-effects modelling, to ascertain standardized prevalence and the relative burden of HIV carried by transgender individuals by country and year of data collection, and then by geographic region. We additionally explored the impact of sampling methods and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Results: Based on 98 studies, overall standardized HIV prevalence over the course of the epidemic, based on weights from each country by year, was 19.9% (95% CI 14.7% - 25.1%) for trans feminine individuals (n = 48,604) and 2.56% (95% CI 0.0% - 5.9%) for trans masculine individuals (n = 6460). Overall OR for HIV infection, compared with individuals over age 15, was 66.0 (95% CI 51.4–84.8) for trans feminine individuals and 6.8 (95% CI 3.6–13.1) for trans masculine individuals. Prevalence varied by geographic region (13.5% - 29.9%) and sampling method (5.4% - 37.8%). Lastly, PrEP effects on prevalence could not be established. Conclusion: Trans feminine and trans masculine individuals are disproportionately burdened by HIV. Their unique prevention and care needs should be comprehensively addressed. Future research should further investigate the impact of sampling methods on HIV prevalence, and monitor the potential impact of PrEP.

Suggested Citation

  • Sarah E Stutterheim & Mart van Dijk & Haoyi Wang & Kai J Jonas, 2021. "The worldwide burden of HIV in transgender individuals: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(12), pages 1-29, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0260063
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260063
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0260063
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0260063&type=printable
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1371/journal.pone.0260063?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Stefan Baral & Frangiscos Sifakis & Farley Cleghorn & Chris Beyrer, 2007. "Elevated Risk for HIV Infection among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Low- and Middle-Income Countries 2000–2006: A Systematic Review," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 4(12), pages 1-11, December.
    2. Hughto, J.M.W. & Reisner, S.L. & Mimiaga, M.J., 2015. "Characteristics of transgender residents of Massachusetts cities with high HIV prevalence," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 105(12), pages 14-18.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Pignedoli, Clark & Rivest, Paul, 2024. "The gender of PrEP: Transgender men negotiating legitimacy in France," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 348(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Septime P H Hessou & Yolaine Glele-Ahanhanzo & Rhéda Adekpedjou & Clement Ahoussinou & Codjo D Djade & Alphonse Biaou & Christian R Johnson & Michel Boko & Michel Alary, 2020. "HIV incidence and risk contributing factors among men who have sex with men in Benin: A prospective cohort study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(6), pages 1-17, June.
    2. Catherine E Oldenburg & Amaya G Perez-Brumer & Sari L Reisner & Jason Mattie & Till Bärnighausen & Kenneth H Mayer & Matthew J Mimiaga, 2014. "Global Burden of HIV among Men Who Engage in Transactional Sex: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(7), pages 1-1, July.
    3. Farisai Gamariel & Petros Isaakidis & Ivan Alejandro Pulido Tarquino & José Carlos Beirão & Lucy O’Connell & Nordino Mulieca & Heitor Pedro Gatoma & Vasco Francisco Japissane Cumbe & Emilie Venables, 2020. "Access to health services for men who have sex with men and transgender women in Beira, Mozambique: A qualitative study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(1), pages 1-16, January.
    4. Jeffy G. Mattathil & Asisa Volz & Olusegun O. Onabajo & Sean Maynard & Sandra L. Bixler & Xiaoying X. Shen & Diego Vargas-Inchaustegui & Marjorie Robert-Guroff & Celia Lebranche & Georgia Tomaras & Da, 2023. "Direct intranodal tonsil vaccination with modified vaccinia Ankara vaccine protects macaques from highly pathogenic SIVmac251," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-15, December.
    5. Eric P F Chow & David P Wilson & Lei Zhang, 2011. "HIV and Syphilis Co-Infection Increasing among Men Who Have Sex with Men in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(8), pages 1-1, August.
    6. Luh Putu Lila Wulandari & Rebecca Guy & John Kaldor, 2020. "The burden of HIV infection among men who purchase sex in low- and middle-income countries – a systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(9), pages 1-23, September.
    7. Jing Wu & Yifei Hu & Yujiang Jia & Yingying Su & Huixia Cui & Huixin Liu & Ning Wang, 2014. "Prevalence of Unprotected Anal Intercourse among Men Who Have Sex with Men in China: An Updated Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(5), pages 1-1, May.
    8. Persson, Asha & Ellard, Jeanne & Newman, Christy & Holt, Martin & de Wit, John, 2011. "Human rights and universal access for men who have sex with men and people who inject drugs: A qualitative analysis of the 2010 UNGASS narrative country progress reports," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 73(3), pages 467-474, August.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0260063. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: plosone (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.