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Social Enterprise Model (SEM) for private sector tuberculosis screening and care in Bangladesh

Author

Listed:
  • Sayera Banu
  • Farhana Haque
  • Shahriar Ahmed
  • Sonia Sultana
  • Md Mahfuzur Rahman
  • Razia Khatun
  • Kishor Kumar Paul
  • Senjuti Kabir
  • S M Mazidur Rahman
  • Rupali Sisir Banu
  • Md Shamiul Islam
  • Allen G Ross
  • John D Clemens
  • Robert Stevens
  • Jacob Creswell

Abstract

Background: In Bangladesh, about 80% of healthcare is provided by the private sector. Although free diagnosis and care is offered in the public sector, only half of the estimated number of people with tuberculosis are diagnosed, treated, and notified to the national program. Private sector engagement strategies often have been small scale and time limited. We evaluated a Social Enterprise Model combining external funding and income generation at three tuberculosis screening centres across the Dhaka Metropolitan Area for diagnosing and treating tuberculosis. Methods and findings: The model established three tuberculosis screening centres across Dhaka Metropolitan Area that carried the icddr,b brand and offered free Xpert MTB/RIF tests to patients visiting the screening centres for subsidized, digital chest radiographs from April 2014 to December 2017. A network of private and public health care providers, and community recommendation was formed for patient referral. No financial incentives were offered to physicians for referrals. Revenues from radiography were used to support screening centres’ operation. Tuberculosis patients could choose to receive treatment from the private or public sector. Between 2014 and 2017, 1,032 private facilities networked with 8,466 private providers were mapped within the Dhaka Metropolitan Area. 64, 031 patients with TB symptoms were referred by the private providers, public sector and community residents to the three screening centres with 80% coming from private providers. 4,270 private providers made at least one referral. Overall, 10,288 pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis cases were detected and 7,695 were bacteriologically positive by Xpert, corresponding to 28% of the total notifications in Dhaka Metropolitan Area. Conclusion: The model established a network of private providers who referred individuals with presumptive tuberculosis without financial incentives to icddr,b’s screening centres, facilitating a quarter of total tuberculosis notifications in Dhaka Metropolitan Area. Scaling up this approach may enhance national and international tuberculosis response.

Suggested Citation

  • Sayera Banu & Farhana Haque & Shahriar Ahmed & Sonia Sultana & Md Mahfuzur Rahman & Razia Khatun & Kishor Kumar Paul & Senjuti Kabir & S M Mazidur Rahman & Rupali Sisir Banu & Md Shamiul Islam & Allen, 2020. "Social Enterprise Model (SEM) for private sector tuberculosis screening and care in Bangladesh," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(11), pages 1-17, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0241437
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241437
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. William A Wells & Mukund Uplekar & Madhukar Pai, 2015. "Achieving Systemic and Scalable Private Sector Engagement in Tuberculosis Care and Prevention in Asia," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(6), pages 1-10, June.
    2. Sarang Deo & Pankaj Jindal & Devesh Gupta & Sunil Khaparde & Kiran Rade & Kuldeep Singh Sachdeva & Bhavin Vadera & Daksha Shah & Kamlesh Patel & Paresh Dave & Rishabh Chopra & Nita Jha & Sirisha Papin, 2019. "What would it cost to scale-up private sector engagement efforts for tuberculosis care? Evidence from three pilot programs in India," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(6), pages 1-12, June.
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