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Cerebellum-mediated trainability of eye and head movements for dynamic gazing

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  • Akiyoshi Matsugi
  • Naoki Yoshida
  • Satoru Nishishita
  • Yohei Okada
  • Nobuhiko Mori
  • Kosuke Oku
  • Shinya Douchi
  • Koichi Hosomi
  • Youichi Saitoh

Abstract

Objective: To investigate whether gaze stabilization exercises (GSEs) improve eye and head movements and whether low-frequency cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) inhibits GSE trainability. Methods: 25 healthy adults (real rTMS, n = 12; sham rTMS, n = 13) were recruited. Real or sham rTMS was performed for 15 min (1 Hz, 900 stimulations). The center of the butterfly coil was set 1 cm below the inion in the real rTMS. Following stimulation, 10 trials of 1 min of a GSE were conducted at 1 min intervals. In the GSE, the subjects were instructed to stand upright and horizontally rotate their heads according to a beeping sound corresponding to 2 Hz and with a gaze point ahead of them. Electrooculograms were used to estimate the horizontal gaze direction of the right eye, and gyroscopic measurements were performed to estimate the horizontal head angular velocity during the GSE trials. The percentage change from the first trial of motion range of the eye and head was calculated for each measurement. The percent change of the eye/head range ratio was calculated to assess the synchronous changes of the eye and head movements as the exercise increased. Results: Bayesian two-way analysis of variance showed that cerebellar rTMS affected the eye motion range and eye/head range ratio. A post hoc comparison (Bayesian t-test) showed evidence that the eye motion range and eye/head range ratio were reduced in the fifth, sixth, and seventh trials compared with the first trial sham stimulation condition. Conclusions: GSEs can modulate eye movements with respect to head movements, and the cerebellum may be associated with eye–head coordination trainability for dynamic gazing during head movements.

Suggested Citation

  • Akiyoshi Matsugi & Naoki Yoshida & Satoru Nishishita & Yohei Okada & Nobuhiko Mori & Kosuke Oku & Shinya Douchi & Koichi Hosomi & Youichi Saitoh, 2019. "Cerebellum-mediated trainability of eye and head movements for dynamic gazing," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(11), pages 1-15, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0224458
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224458
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rink Hoekstra & Rei Monden & Don van Ravenzwaaij & Eric-Jan Wagenmakers, 2018. "Bayesian reanalysis of null results reported in medicine: Strong yet variable evidence for the absence of treatment effects," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(4), pages 1-9, April.
    2. Boris G. Zaslavsky, 2013. "Bayesian Hypothesis Testing in Two-Arm Trials with Dichotomous Outcomes," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 69(1), pages 157-163, March.
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