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Affirmative citation bias in scientific myth debunking: A three-in-one case study

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  • Kåre Letrud
  • Sigbjørn Hernes

Abstract

Several uncorroborated, false, or misinterpreted conceptions have for years been widely distributed in academic publications, thus becoming scientific myths. How can such misconceptions persist and proliferate within the inimical environment of academic criticism? Examining 613 articles we demonstrate that the reception of three myth-exposing publications is skewed by an ‘affirmative citation bias’: The vast majority of articles citing the critical article will affirm the idea criticized. 468 affirmed the myth, 105 were neutral, while 40 took a negative stance. Once misconceptions proliferate wide and long enough, criticizing them not only becomes increasingly difficult, efforts may even contribute to the continued spreading of the myths.

Suggested Citation

  • Kåre Letrud & Sigbjørn Hernes, 2019. "Affirmative citation bias in scientific myth debunking: A three-in-one case study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(9), pages 1-8, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0222213
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222213
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. James K. Wetterer, 2006. "Quotation error, citation copying, and ant extinctions in Madeira," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 67(3), pages 351-372, June.
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