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How do slums change the relationship between urbanization and the carbon intensity of well-being?

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  • Julius Alexander McGee
  • Christina Ergas
  • Patrick Trent Greiner
  • Matthew Thomas Clement

Abstract

This study examines how the relationship between urbanization (measured as the percentage of total population living in urban areas) and the carbon intensity of well-being (CIWB) (measured as a ratio of carbon dioxide emissions and life expectancy) in most nations from 1960–2013 varies based on the economic context and whereabouts of a substantial portion of a nation’s urban population. To accomplish this, we use the United Nations’ (UN) definition of slum households to identify developing countries that have substantial slum populations, and estimate a Prais-Winsten regression model with panel-corrected standard errors (PCSE), allowing for disturbances that are heteroskedastic and contemporaneously correlated across panels. Our findings indicate that the rate of increase in CIWB for countries without substantial slum populations begins to slow down at higher levels of urbanization, however, the association between urbanization and CIWB is much smaller in countries with substantial slum populations. Overall, while urbanization is associated with increases in CIWB, the relationship between urban development and CIWB is vastly different in developed nations without slums than in under-developed nations with slums.

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  • Julius Alexander McGee & Christina Ergas & Patrick Trent Greiner & Matthew Thomas Clement, 2017. "How do slums change the relationship between urbanization and the carbon intensity of well-being?," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(12), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0189024
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189024
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    Cited by:

    1. Michael D. Briscoe & Jennifer E. Givens & Madeleine Alder, 2021. "Intersectional Indicators: A Race and Sex-Specific Analysis of the Carbon Intensity of Well-Being in the United States, 1998–2009," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 155(1), pages 97-116, May.
    2. Wang, Shaojian & Xie, Zihan & Wu, Rong & Feng, Kuishang, 2022. "How does urbanization affect the carbon intensity of human well-being? A global assessment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 312(C).
    3. Christina Ergas & Patrick Trent Greiner & Julius Alexander McGee & Matthew Thomas Clement, 2021. "Does Gender Climate Influence Climate Change? The Multidimensionality of Gender Equality and Its Countervailing Effects on the Carbon Intensity of Well-Being," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-23, April.

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