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Effects of methimazole and propylthiouracil exposure during pregnancy on the risk of neonatal congenital malformations: A meta-analysis

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  • Rongjing Song
  • Hepu Lin
  • Yue Chen
  • Xiuying Zhang
  • Wanyu Feng

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of exposure to different antithyroid drugs during pregnancy on the incidence of neonatal congenital malformations. Methods: A meta-analysis was performed to compare the incidence of neonatal congenital malformations after exposure to different antithyroid drugs during pregnancy. Twelve studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in this meta-analysis. PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL databases were searched from inception until January 2017. Study designs included case–control studies, prospective cohort studies, and retrospective cohort studies. Results: Twelve studies involving 8028 participants with exposure to different antithyroid drugs during pregnancy were included in this study; however, only 10 studies involving 5059 participants involved exposure to different antithyroid drugs exactly during pregnancy. Our results indicated that exposure to methimazole (MMI)/carbimazole (CMZ) only during pregnancy significantly increased the risk of neonatal congenital malformations compared to no antithyroid drug exposure (OR 1.88; 95%CI 1.33 to 2.65; P = 0.0004). No differences were observed between propylthiouracil (PTU) exposure and no antithyroid drug exposure only during pregnancy (OR 0.81; 95%CI 0.58 to 1.15; P = 0.24). Exposure to MMI/CMZ only during pregnancy significantly increased the risk of neonatal congenital malformations compared to that associated with exposure to PTU (OR 1.90; 95%CI 1.30 to 2.78; P = 0.001). Conclusion: For pregnant women with hyperthyroidism, exposure to MMI/CMZ significantly increased the incidence of neonatal congenital malformations compared to exposure to PTU and no antithyroid drug exposure; however, no differences were observed between PTU exposure and no antithyroid drug exposure.

Suggested Citation

  • Rongjing Song & Hepu Lin & Yue Chen & Xiuying Zhang & Wanyu Feng, 2017. "Effects of methimazole and propylthiouracil exposure during pregnancy on the risk of neonatal congenital malformations: A meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(7), pages 1-18, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0180108
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180108
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    1. Huixia Li & Jianfei Zheng & Jiayou Luo & Rong Zeng & Na Feng & Na Zhu & Qi Feng, 2015. "Congenital Anomalies in Children Exposed to Antithyroid Drugs In-Utero: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(5), pages 1-11, May.
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    1. Eva Gerbier & Sereina M. Graber & Marlene Rauch & Carole A. Marxer & Christoph R. Meier & David Baud & Ursula Winterfeld & Eva Blozik & Daniel Surbek & Julia Spoendlin & Alice Panchaud, 2022. "Use of Prescribed Drugs to Treat Chronic Diseases during Pregnancy in Outpatient Care in Switzerland between 2014 and 2018: Descriptive Analysis of Swiss Health Care Claims Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-25, January.

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