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Early Upper Paleolithic colonization across Europe: Time and mode of the Gravettian diffusion

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  • Nuno Bicho
  • João Cascalheira
  • Célia Gonçalves

Abstract

This study presents new models on the origin, speed and mode of the wave-of-advance leading to the definitive occupation of Europe’s outskirts by Anatomically Modern Humans, during the Gravettian, between c. 37 and 30 ka ago. These models provide the estimation for possible demic dispersal routes for AMH at a stable spread rate of c. 0.7 km/year, with the likely origin in Central Europe at the site of Geissenklosterle in Germany and reaching all areas of the European landscape. The results imply that: 1. The arrival of the Gravettian populations into the far eastern European plains and to southern Iberia found regions with very low human occupation or even devoid of hominins; 2. Human demography was likely lower than previous estimates for the Upper Paleolithic; 3. The likely early AMH paths across Europe followed the European central plains and the Mediterranean coast to reach to the ends of the Italian and Iberian peninsulas.

Suggested Citation

  • Nuno Bicho & João Cascalheira & Célia Gonçalves, 2017. "Early Upper Paleolithic colonization across Europe: Time and mode of the Gravettian diffusion," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(5), pages 1-13, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0178506
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178506
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    1. Tom Higham & Katerina Douka & Rachel Wood & Christopher Bronk Ramsey & Fiona Brock & Laura Basell & Marta Camps & Alvaro Arrizabalaga & Javier Baena & Cecillio Barroso-Ruíz & Christopher Bergman & Cor, 2014. "The timing and spatiotemporal patterning of Neanderthal disappearance," Nature, Nature, vol. 512(7514), pages 306-309, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Brendan Hoover & Richard S. Middleton & Sean Yaw, 2019. "CostMAP: An open-source software package for developing cost surfaces," Papers 1906.08872, arXiv.org.

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