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Extending trust to immigrants: Generalized trust, cross-group friendship and anti-immigrant sentiments in 21 European societies

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  • Meta van der Linden
  • Marc Hooghe
  • Thomas de Vroome
  • Colette Van Laar

Abstract

The aim of this study is twofold. First, we expand on the literature by testing whether generalized trust is negatively related to anti-immigrant sentiments in Europe. Second, we examine to what extent the relation between generalized trust and anti-immigrant sentiments is dependent upon cross-group friendships. We apply multilevel linear regression modeling to representative survey data enriched with levels of ethnic diversity covering 21 European countries. Results show that both generalized trust and cross-group friendship are negatively related to anti-immigrant sentiments. However, there is a negligible positive relation between generalized trust and cross-group friendship (r = .10), and we can clearly observe that they operate independently from one another. Hence, trusting actors are not more likely to form more cross-group friendships, and cross-group friendship do not lead to the development of more generalized trust. Instead, the findings show that generalized trust leads immigrants too to be included in the radius of trusted others and, as a consequence, the benign effects of generalized trust apply to them as well. We conclude that the strength of generalized trust is a form of generalization, beyond the confines of individual variations in intergroup experiences.

Suggested Citation

  • Meta van der Linden & Marc Hooghe & Thomas de Vroome & Colette Van Laar, 2017. "Extending trust to immigrants: Generalized trust, cross-group friendship and anti-immigrant sentiments in 21 European societies," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(5), pages 1-13, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0177369
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177369
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jack Citrin & John Sides, 2008. "Immigration and the Imagined Community in Europe and the United States," Political Studies, Political Studies Association, vol. 56, pages 33-56, March.
    2. Tim Reeskens, 2013. "But Who Are Those “Most People” That Can Be Trusted? Evaluating the Radius of Trust Across 29 European Societies," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 114(2), pages 703-722, November.
    3. Tufan Ekici & Deniz Yucel, 2015. "What Determines Religious and Racial Prejudice in Europe? The Effects of Religiosity and Trust," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 122(1), pages 105-133, May.
    4. repec:sae:mrxval:v:42:y:2008:i:2:p:476-504 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Jack Citrin & John Sides, 2008. "Immigration and the Imagined Community in Europe and the United States," Political Studies, Political Studies Association, vol. 56(1), pages 33-56, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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