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Exposure to preeclampsia in utero affects growth from birth to late childhood dependent on child’s sex and severity of exposure: Follow-up of a nested case-control study

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  • Kristine Kjer Byberg
  • Knut Øymar
  • Geir Egil Eide
  • Michele R Forman
  • Pétur Benedikt Júlíusson

Abstract

Background and objective: An adverse intrauterine environment may affect offspring growth and development. Our aim was to explore whether preeclampsia (PE) exposure in utero influences growth from birth to 13 years. Methods: In a nested case-control study, 229 children were exposed to PE (mild/moderate: n = 164, severe: n = 54) and 385 were unexposed. Length/height and weight were abstracted from records at birth, 3 and 6 months, 1 and 4 years, and measured along with waist circumference and skinfolds at follow-up at 11/12 (girls/boys) and 13 years (both sexes). Associations between PE and z-scores for growth were analyzed by multiple linear and fractional polynomial regression with adjustment for potential confounders. Results: In boys, exposure to mild/moderate PE was positively associated with linear growth after 0.5 years, but severe PE was negatively associated with linear growth in all ages. In girls, both exposure to mild/moderate and severe PE were negatively associated with linear growth. Exposure to PE was negatively associated with weight and body mass index (BMI) during infancy, but positively associated with weight and BMI thereafter, except that boys exposed to severe PE consistently had a lower weight and BMI compared to the unexposed. Exposure to severe PE only was positively associated with waist-to-height ratio at 11/12 (girls/boys) and 13 years (both sexes). Conclusions: From birth to adolescence, linear growth, weight and BMI trajectories differed between the sexes by severity of exposure to PE. In general, PE exposure was negatively associated with linear growth, while in girls; positive associations with weight and BMI were observed. This underlines fetal life as a particularly sensitive period affecting subsequent growth and this may have implications for targeted approaches for healthy growth and development.

Suggested Citation

  • Kristine Kjer Byberg & Knut Øymar & Geir Egil Eide & Michele R Forman & Pétur Benedikt Júlíusson, 2017. "Exposure to preeclampsia in utero affects growth from birth to late childhood dependent on child’s sex and severity of exposure: Follow-up of a nested case-control study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(5), pages 1-15, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0176627
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176627
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    1. Kritika Poudel & Sumitaka Kobayashi & Chihiro Miyashita & Takeshi Yamaguchi & Naomi Tamura & Atsuko Ikeda-Araki & Yu Ait Bamai & Sachiko Itoh & Keiko Yamazaki & Hideyuki Masuda & Mariko Itoh & Reiko K, 2021. "Hypertensive Disorders during Pregnancy and Anthropometric Measurement of Children up to 7 Years of Age: The Hokkaido Birth Cohort Study in Japan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-17, October.

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