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Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Evidence

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  • Raphael Gonçalves de Oliveira
  • Dartagnan Pinto Guedes

Abstract

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been diagnosed in adolescents and among the associated factors are low levels of physical activity, sedentary behavior over long periods and low cardiorespiratory fitness. However, specifically in adolescents, studies present conflicting results. The aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies, in order to map the association between physical activity, sedentary behavior, cardiorespiratory fitness and MetS in adolescents. Methods: A search was performed in the databases PubMed, SPORTDiscus, LILACS and the Cochrane Library. For the meta-analysis, the odds ratio (OR) was calculated together with the respective confidence intervals (95% CI), in which the measures of effect were analyzed by dichotomous data (exposure variables) with MetS used as events. Results: Eighteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Primary analysis demonstrated that low levels of physical activity (OR = 1.35 [1.03 to 1.79]; p = 0.03) and low cardiorespiratory fitness (OR = 4.05 [2.09 to 7.87]; p 2 hours/day, a significant association was not identified (OR = 1.20 [0.91 to 1.59]; p = 0.20). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that the association between low physical activity and MetS was dependent on the use of the accelerometry technique (OR = 2.93 [1.56 to 5.47]; p 2 hours/day was significantly associated with MetS only on weekends (OR = 2.05 [1.13 to 3.73]; p = 0.02). With respect to cardiorespiratory fitness, a significant association with MetS was found independent of the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) measurement method. Conclusions: Low levels of physical activity, low indices of cardiorespiratory fitness and sedentary behavior, represented by screen time > 2 hours/day on weekends, were significantly associated with the development of MetS in adolescence.

Suggested Citation

  • Raphael Gonçalves de Oliveira & Dartagnan Pinto Guedes, 2016. "Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Evidence," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(12), pages 1-24, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0168503
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168503
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    Cited by:

    1. Veerle Van Oeckel & Benedicte Deforche & Nicola D. Ridgers & Elling Bere & Maïté Verloigne, 2020. "Validity of Items Assessing Self-Reported Number of Breaks in Sitting Time among Children and Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-8, September.
    2. Jose Manuel Jurado-Castro & Mercedes Gil-Campos & Hugo Gonzalez-Gonzalez & Francisco Jesus Llorente-Cantarero, 2020. "Evaluation of Physical Activity and Lifestyle Interventions Focused on School Children with Obesity Using Accelerometry: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-14, August.
    3. Yukako Yamaga & Thomas Svensson & Ung-il Chung & Akiko Kishi Svensson, 2023. "Association between Metabolic Syndrome Status and Daily Physical Activity Measured by a Wearable Device in Japanese Office Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-13, February.
    4. Muhammad Daniel Azlan Mahadzir & Kia Fatt Quek & Amutha Ramadas, 2020. "Process Evaluation of a Nutrition and Lifestyle Behavior Peer Support Program for Adults with Metabolic Syndrome," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-13, April.
    5. Xiao Hou & Jing-Min Liu & Zheng-Yan Tang & Bing Ruan & Xu-Yao Cao, 2020. "The Gender Difference in Association between Home-Based Environment and Different Physical Behaviors of Chinese Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-15, November.
    6. Damir Sekulic & Mateo Blazevic & Barbara Gilic & Ivan Kvesic & Natasa Zenic, 2020. "Prospective Analysis of Levels and Correlates of Physical Activity during COVID-19 Pandemic and Imposed Rules of Social Distancing; Gender Specific Study among Adolescents from Southern Croatia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-13, May.
    7. Manuel Ávila-García & Nuria Baena-Ogalla & Francisco Javier Huertas-Delgado & Pablo Tercedor & Emilio Villa-González, 2020. "The Relationship between Physical Activity Levels, Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Academic Achievement School-Age Children from Southern Spain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-11, April.
    8. Davy Vancampfort & Tine Van Damme & Joseph Firth & Mats Hallgren & Lee Smith & Brendon Stubbs & Simon Rosenbaum & Ai Koyanagi, 2019. "Correlates of leisure-time sedentary behavior among 181,793 adolescents aged 12-15 years from 66 low- and middle-income countries," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(11), pages 1-14, November.
    9. Simon Kolb & Alexander Burchartz & Doris Oriwol & Steffen C. E. Schmidt & Alexander Woll & Claudia Niessner, 2021. "Indicators to Assess Physical Health of Children and Adolescents in Activity Research—A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-13, October.

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