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Diurnal Variation of Circulating Interleukin-6 in Humans: A Meta-Analysis

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  • Gustav Nilsonne
  • Mats Lekander
  • Torbjörn Åkerstedt
  • John Axelsson
  • Michael Ingre

Abstract

The pleiotropic cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been proposed to contribute to circadian regulation of sleepiness by increasing in the blood at night. Earlier studies have reported diurnal variation of IL-6, but phase estimates are conflicting. We have therefore performed a meta-analysis on the diurnal variation of circulating IL-6. Studies were included if they reported IL-6 in plasma or serum recorded at least twice within 24 hours in the same individual. A systematic search resulted in the inclusion of 43 studies with 56 datasets, for a total of 1100 participants. Individual participant data were available from 4 datasets with a total of 56 participants. Mixed-effects meta-regression modelling confirmed that IL-6 varied across the day, the most conspicuous effect being a trough in the morning. These results stand in contrast to earlier findings of a peak in the evening or night, and suggest that diurnal variation should be taken into account in order to avoid confounding by time of day in studies of IL-6 in plasma or serum.

Suggested Citation

  • Gustav Nilsonne & Mats Lekander & Torbjörn Åkerstedt & John Axelsson & Michael Ingre, 2016. "Diurnal Variation of Circulating Interleukin-6 in Humans: A Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(11), pages 1-17, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0165799
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165799
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    Cited by:

    1. Reetta Peltonen & Mathias H Gramkow & Christian Dehlendorff & Pia J Osterlund & Julia S Johansen & Helena Isoniemi, 2020. "Elevated serum YKL-40, IL-6, CRP, CEA, and CA19-9 combined as a prognostic biomarker panel after resection of colorectal liver metastases," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(8), pages 1-18, August.

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