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Sport-Induced Substance Use—An Empirical Study to the Extent within a German Sports Association

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  • Monika Frenger
  • Werner Pitsch
  • Eike Emrich

Abstract

In cooperation with the Sports Association of the Palatinate (SBP), a survey was conducted on substance use by recreational and amateur athletes. Distribution of the online questionnaire took place by means of chain-referral sampling, and questions on substance use were presented using the randomized response technique (RRT) to protect the anonymity of respondents and prevent socially desirable answers. The estimated lowest limit for the population share for use of prohibited substances during the last season (4%) and for lifetime use (3.6%) did not differ significantly. Approximately 21% of respondents had used substances for training or competitions that were taken for a purpose other than performance enhancement (e.g., to improve their mood or to help with recuperation from a minor injury or illness) in the last year. 49% had done so at some point in their life.

Suggested Citation

  • Monika Frenger & Werner Pitsch & Eike Emrich, 2016. "Sport-Induced Substance Use—An Empirical Study to the Extent within a German Sports Association," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(10), pages 1-17, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0165103
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165103
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Feth, Sascha & Frenger, Monika & Pitsch, Werner & Schmelzeisen, Patrick, 2014. "Cheater-Detection bei der Randomized Response-Technik: Herleitung, Analyse und Anwendung," Schriften des Europäischen Instituts für Sozioökonomie e.V., European Institute for Socioeconomics (EIS), Saarbrücken, volume 8, number 8, September.
    2. Hannes Schröter & Beatrix Studzinski & Pavel Dietz & Rolf Ulrich & Heiko Striegel & Perikles Simon, 2016. "A Comparison of the Cheater Detection and the Unrelated Question Models: A Randomized Response Survey on Physical and Cognitive Doping in Recreational Triathletes," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(5), pages 1-11, May.
    3. Ulf Böckenholt & Sema Barlas & Peter G. M. van der Heijden, 2009. "Do randomized‐response designs eliminate response biases? An empirical study of non‐compliance behavior," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 24(3), pages 377-392, April.
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